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All Journal Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Nusantara Bioscience
AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Other

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Ethnomedicinal knowledge of traditional healers on medicinal plants in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, Indonesia RIRIN NUR FADHILAH; NILAM SARIRAMADHANI KOESDARYANTO; THAARIQ RIAN PRIBADY; REISHA AZZAHRA PUTRI RESTANTA; GILANG DWI NUGROHO; AHMAD YASA; PUGUH SUJARTA; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240803

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Abstract. Fadhilah RN, Koesdaryanto NS, Pribady TR, Restanta RAP, Nugroho GD, Yasa A, Sujarta P, Setyawan AD. 2023. Ethnomedicinal knowledge of traditional healers on medicinal plants in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4223-4234. Indonesia is blessed with the world's largest biological diversity, reflected in the tens of thousands of species of plants that occur in Indonesia. This privilege benefits the community by using it in everyday life, including in the health sector. Medicinal plants have various benefits, such as relieving cough, fever, wounds, and other body system problems. Sukoharjo District, Central Java, Indonesia, is known as a center of traditional herbal medicine (Jamu), and the people in this district have used medicinal plants in the traditional medicine practiced by various healers or shamans. However, this local wisdom has not been documented scientifically. This study aims to collect data on ethnomedicinal knowledge of traditional healers in Sukoharjo and relevant information regarding medicinal plants used by them, including the taste of the plant. The method used in this research was a combination of direct observation, field notes, and in-depth interviews with several traditional healers. The study documented that 75 species of medicinal plants belonged to 41 families dominated by the Zingiberaceae family. Most of the plant parts of the medicinal plants used are the leaf, mostly consumed by boiling, resulting in a bitter taste drink. Common diseases to cure with traditional medicinal plants include coughs, fever, flatulence, diarrhea, diabetes, menstrual pain, flu, toothache, and ulcers. The findings of this study highlight that even though modern medicine is available, people still trust traditional healers and utilize medicinal plants, which are important for preserving ethnomedicinal knowledge in a region.
Ethnobotany of wild edible plants used by local communities in three districts along the upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia ADITYA TRIYANTO; FITRIA PURNAMASARI; FENINTA SETYANING PARAMITA; FAUZAN RAFI WICAKSONO; FARIE AIMAR RAMADHAN; SUGENG BUDIHARTA; SURAPON SAENSOUK; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250428

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Abstract. Triyanto A, Purnamasari F, Paramita FS, Wicaksono FR, Ramadhan FA, Budiharta S, Saensouk S, Setyawan AD. 2024. Ethnobotany of wild edible plants used by local communities in three districts along the upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1596-1605. Wild Edible Plants (WEPs) grow naturally in the environment without human assistance and have parts that humans or animals can consume. The declining interest of local communities in consumable wild plant species, especially among the younger generation, resulted in the loss of public knowledge on the utilization of wild natural resources and the extinction of various types of wild species in nature. This study aims to determine wild edible plants used by local communities in three districts along the Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia. This research used qualitative and quantitative data obtained by conducting open, semi-structured, and structured interviews with 90 respondents aged 20-80 years old. Quantitative data was analyzed to produce Use Values (UV) and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF). The study found that the community consumes approximately 49 species from 32 families of WEPs and the most consumed species were Leucaena leucocephala, Carica papaya, Dendrocalamus asper, Muntingia calabura, Peperomia pellucida, Gnetum gnemon, Moringa oleifera, and Portulaca oleracea. Consumable wild plants along the Bengawan Solo River have an ICF value ranging from 0.645 to 1. The WEPs were used for carbohydrates, vegetables, fruits, seeds, and medicine. The study highlights the diverse uses of plant parts, emphasizing the community's holistic approach to incorporating wild plants into their diet and medicine. The research emphasizes the need to preserve and comprehend the multifaceted roles of WEPs, which are crucial for sustaining cultural traditions and community well-being.
Short Communication: Orchid diversity in the riparian area of Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia BISMA YOGA HERDANANTA; RESSA KARINA; SOFIYANA KHOIRUNNISA; GILANG DWI NUGROHO; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251242

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Abstract. Herdananta BY, Karina R, Khoirunnisa S, Nugraha GD, Setyawan AD. 2024. Short communication: Orchid diversity in the riparian area of Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 5046-5054. Riparian area provides various ecosystem services, including the habitat of orchids. This research aimed to determine the diversity of orchid species along the riverbank of Samin River, Karanganyar-Sukoharjo Districts, Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection was conducted in three segments of the river: upstream (Blumbang and Gondosuli Villages), middle stream (Girilayu and Plosorejo Villages) and downstream (Kadokan Village). At each station, explorative method using cruising path with length of 1 km along the riverbank and width of 5-10 meters on both sides was used to document the presence of orchids. Data was analyzed to produce the Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H'), evenness index (E), and Margalef species richness index (R). This study recorded 19 species of orchids in which 13 species with 198 individuals were found in the upstream, four species with 154 individuals in the middle stream, and two species with 2 individuals in the downstream. Orchid species with the highest frequency was Crepidium kobi. There were 5 species of terrestrial orchids and 14 species of epiphytic orchids. For the epiphytic orchid, Zone 3 on the host tree was the zone with the largest number of species and individuals found. The upstream and middle stream had moderate diversity, while the downstream had low diversity. The three stations had different evenness categories in which quite evenly distributed in the upstream, less even in the middle stream and uneven in the downstream. All three stations had low richness index. The findings of this study suggest that the importance of maintaining riparian habitats to support the sustainability of biodiversity, especially orchid. Conservation efforts can help maintain the balance of ecosystems and biodiversity in this area. This study can be the basis for more effective conservation management in riparian areas.
The community structure of Echinodermata (Echinoidea and Holothuroidea) on seagrass ecosystem in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia FURQON DARMA NURCAHYO; HAFIZH MUHAMAD ZEN; HUSNA’ PUTRI NUR ‘AZIZAH; GILANG DWI NUGROHO; DEVESEE RAMDHUN; CHEE KONG YAP; MUHAMMAD INDRAWAN; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251155

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Abstract. Nurcahyo FD, Zen HM, ‘Azizah HPN, Nugroho GD, Ramdhun D, Yap CK, Indrawan M, Setyawan AD. 2024. The community structure of Echinodermata (Echinoidea and Holothuroidea) on seagrass ecosystem in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4561-4571. Echinoderms, which encompass various classes such as sea urchins and sea cucumbers, play a crucial role in marine ecosystems and contribute significantly to maintaining ecological balance. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the composition structure of echinoderms (Echinoidea and Holothuroidea) in several beaches of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The survey was conducted on March 2024 at Pringjono Beach, Dadap Ayam Beach, Ngrenehan Beach, Torohudan Beach, and Ngrawah Beach. Data analyzed included species diversity, density and ecological indices of echinoderms (Echinoidea and Holothuroidea) at each beach location. The research findings revealed that across the five beaches of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, there were two classes of echinoderms, namely Echinoidea (sea urchins) and Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), with a total of 7 identified species, namely Echinometra mathaei, Echinometra oblonga, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Tripneustes gratilla, Colobocentrotus atratus, Stomopneustes variolaris, and Holothuria leucospilota. Only one beach recorded the presence of sea cucumbers, while the number of sea urchin species varied at each beach. Dadap Ayam Beach recorded the highest number of sea urchin species, followed by Ngrenehan Beach. Additionally, Dadap Ayam Beach exhibited higher values of species diversity and richness compared to other beaches. A total of seven echinoderm species were identified, with a total abundance of 367 individuals/1000 m2. The beaches in this study showed variations in the diversity and distribution of echinoderms, particularly Echinoidea and Holothuroidea. However, overall species diversity and richness values were generally low, indicating the potential vulnerability of these ecosystems.
Population genetic structure of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) in Malaysian waters based on COI gene KHALED BINASHIKHBUBKR; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; DARLINA MD NAIM
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150213

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Abstract. Binashikhbubkr K, Setyawan AD, Naim DM. 2023. Population genetic structure of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)) in Malaysian waters based on COI gene. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 258-268. Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) is widely distributed in the subtropical and tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. Still, insufficient data about its stock, management, and protection in Malaysia and nearby waters raises concerns about overfishing and depletion. Therefore, to ensure effective and successful management of a species, it is imperative to conduct a molecular-based assessment of the stock structure. The present study investigated the population genetic structure of E. affinis in Malaysian waters using the mtDNA COI gene. Furthermore, the 632 bp segment of the COI region was sequenced in 372 individuals from 19 distinct populations in Malaysian waters. The results revealed that the genetic divergence varied from low to high. The average Haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (?) were calculated to be 0.5401 and 0.0045, respectively. Examining haplotype distribution unveiled the presence of 22 unique haplotypes within the COI gene of E. affinis. The analysis of the Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree and the Minimum Spanning Network (MSN) revealed the formation of three distinct clades among E. affinis samples. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) showed a significant genetic structure among the 19 populations of E. affinis [(FST = 0.5354 (P < 0.05)]. The neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis indicated that the specimens underwent a period of population expansion. This study is a significant milestone, providing the first comprehensive documentation of the genetic structure of E. affinis in Malaysia.
Morphometric variations of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) in Malaysian and Yemeni waters KHALED BINASHIKHBUBKR; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; DARLINA MD NAIM
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150214

Abstract

Abstract. Binashikhbubkr K, Setyawan AD, Naim DM. 2023. Morphometric variations of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) in Malaysian and Yemeni waters. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 269-278. Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849 (Kawakawa), a small epipelagic tuna that migrates, is one of the most commercially significant tunas in Indo-Pacific subtropical and tropical waters. Unfortunately, there is a lack of knowledge on the region's stock structure and management of the particular migratory species. The present investigation aimed to distinguish body shape differences among 20 populations of E. affinis across Malaysian and Yemen coastal waters. A total of 416 specimens of E. affinis were sampled from five central geographic regions: the South China Sea, Straits of Malacca, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and the Arabian Sea. Multivariate analyses, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA), and Cluster Analysis (CA) of 12 morphometric variables, were conducted to differentiate 20 populations of E. affinis. The findings revealed significant differences in the body form among 20 populations. Morphological homogeneity was observed among populations from Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak). As expected, Yemen's (Mukalla City) populations were clearly segregated and formed a separate cluster. The highest percentage of correctly classified specimens (100%) came from populations in Pulau Tenggol (Terengganu) and Kukup (Johor). In contrast, the highest percentage of misclassified specimens (100%) came from populations in Kota Kinabalu (Sabah), Bintawa (Sarawak), Lumut (Perak), and Endau (Johor). Based on the Mahalanobis distances, hierarchical cluster analyses revealed that 20 populations of E. affinis could be clustered into three distinct groups. This is the first report on E. affinis from Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysian Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak), and the waters of Yemen using morphometric techniques.
Geometric morphometric divergence of five populations of Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) from Malaysian waters SUZYELAWATI MOHD SHUKRI; KHALED BINASHIKHBUBKR; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; DARLINA MD NAIM
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160101

Abstract

Abstract. Shukri SM, Binashikhbubkr K, Setyawan AD, Md. Naim D. 2024. Geometric morphometric divergence of five populations of Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) from Malaysian waters. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 1-12. Phenotypic variation in fish may indicate different environmental conditions that affect species' growth and maturation rates and result from genetic factors that allow fish to adapt to different environments. Understanding population structure and dynamics is extremely important for establishing sustainable fisheries. Silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788), is an economically important fish species with extensive geographical distribution from the East China Sea to Southeast Asia, Indian Ocean, Arabian Gulf, and the North Sea. It may represent morphologically distinct populations across their range. The main aim of this study is to use geometric morphometric analysis based on physical characteristics to look into the phenotypic diversity of the species across five different populations in Malaysia. Digital images of 260 mature specimens were captured for further analysis. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Multivariate analysis (MANOVA) were used in the intra-population analysis based on the transformed distance. At the same time, the Canonical Variance Analysis (CVA) and the Procrustes ANOVA were utilized to determine the inter-population analysis of P. argenteus. The Unweighted Pair Group with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) method used to support the analysis has shown that the population is clearly grouped according to homologous body shape. The results show that South, West, and North Coast specimens were grouped while the East Coast and Borneo Island shared in another group. The variations in the body shape of P. argenteus occurred in body depth, caudal region, and head orientation. The findings separated the populations into two main groups representing the marine region to which they belong. This present study is the first report on phenotypic variations of P. argenteus from Malaysian waters utilizing the geometric morphometric method.
Assessing tourist experience and willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation at Mongkrang Hill, Mount Lawu, Central Java, Indonesia ARDITA AYU WULANDARI; ARUM NUR MUKARROMAH; ASFI DZIHNI; ATIKAH KHOIRIYAH AZZAM; ANGGUN DERISTANI; SUNARTO SUNARTO; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170210

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Abstract. Wulandari AA, Mukarromah AN, Dzihni A, Azzam AK, Deristani A, Sunarto, Setyawan AD. 2025. Assessing tourist experience and willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation at Mongkrang Hill, Mount Lawu, Central Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 277-288. Highland ecosystems are ecologically sensitive environments increasingly pressured by nature-based tourism. Mongkrang Hill, located on the southern slopes of Mount Lawu in Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia, has experienced rapid visitor growth, raising concerns regarding vegetation disturbance, waste accumulation, and declining habitat quality. This study assesses tourist experience and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for conservation by integrating the Experiential Value Scale (EVS) with economic valuation. A total of 60 visitors were surveyed using structured questionnaires, supported by field observations and semi-structured interviews. Multiple regression analysis showed that all four EVS dimensions—hedonic, novelty, interaction, and comfort—significantly influenced visitor satisfaction, with novelty and hedonic value being the strongest predictors. Satisfaction, in turn, had a positive and significant effect on WTP (? = 0.90), explaining 80.1% of its variance. The average additional WTP of IDR 15,840 indicates substantial potential for conservation-based financing. Observations further revealed ecological pressures related to trail erosion, vegetation trampling, and improper waste disposal, alongside community benefits through local economic activities and circular economy practices such as plastic waste recycling. The integrated EVS–WTP approach highlights how enhanced visitor experience can strengthen pro-conservation behavior and provide actionable pathways for sustainable ecotourism management. These findings support the development of experience-based conservation strategies for biodiversity protection in highland ecosystems.
Diversity of urban street tree communities in Semarang District, Indonesia ARDHIAN ABDUL MADJID; ARDITA AYU WULANDARI; ASFI DZIHNI; MARIO PINTOR DAVID SIMANJUNTAK; SAFIRA CHAIRUNISA; ARU DEWANGGA; WIDHI HIMAWAN; INOCENCIO E. BUOT JR; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170215

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Abstract. Madjid AA, Wulandari AA, Dzihni A, Simanjuntak MPD, Chairunisa S, Dewangga A, Himawan W, Buot Jr IE, Setyawan AD. 2025. Diversity of urban street tree communities in Semarang District, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 337-353. Roadside vegetation plays an important role in maintaining ecological functions, microclimate regulation, and environmental quality in rapidly urbanizing tropical landscapes. This study examined the diversity, composition, and functional structure of urban street trees across five major 10-km roadside corridors in Semarang District, Central Java, Indonesia. Field surveys conducted in September 2024 recorded 2,091 individuals representing 53 species, 47 genera, and 26 families, and classified into functional categories based on ecological and management attributes. Species richness and abundance varied markedly among routes. The Bandungan-Kaloran corridor showed the highest richness and stability, while the Ungaran-Cangkiran corridor exhibited the strongest species dominance, and the Semarang-Bawen corridor had the lowest richness. Three species-Swietenia mahagoni, Polyalthia longifolia, and Mangifera indica-emerged as district-wide dominants. Functional composition was heavily skewed toward Ornamental Plant (OP) and Timber Plants (TP), with Frugivory-supporting species (Fr) providing secondary ecological roles. Diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, Margalef, and Evenness) revealed substantial spatial heterogeneity: peri-urban routes showed balanced community structures, whereas highly built-up corridors exhibited low diversity and high dominance. These patterns highlight the influence of urbanization intensity, planting space limitations, and disturbance pressure on roadside vegetation structure. These findings highlight the need for more diversified and functionally balanced street tree planting strategies to enhance the sustainability and resilience of urban green infrastructure in Semarang District and other rapidly developing tropical cities.
Co-Authors ADITYA TRIYANTO AHMAD YASA ANGGUN DERISTANI ARDHIAN ABDUL MADJID ARDITA AYU WULANDARI ARU DEWANGGA ARUM NUR MUKARROMAH ASFI DZIHNI ATIKAH KHOIRIYAH AZZAM BISMA YOGA HERDANANTA CHEE KONG YAP DARLINA MD NAIM DARLINA MD NAIM DEVESEE RAMDHUN FARIE AIMAR RAMADHAN FAUZAN RAFI WICAKSONO FENINTA SETYANING PARAMITA FITRIA PURNAMASARI FURQON DARMA NURCAHYO GILANG DWI NUGROHO GILANG DWI NUGROHO GILANG DWI NUGROHO HAFIZH MUHAMAD ZEN HUSNA’ PUTRI NUR ‘AZIZAH INOCENCIO E. BUOT JR KHALED BINASHIKHBUBKR KHALED BINASHIKHBUBKR MARIO PINTOR DAVID SIMANJUNTAK MUHAMMAD INDRAWAN NILAM SARIRAMADHANI KOESDARYANTO PUGUH SUJARTA REISHA AZZAHRA PUTRI RESTANTA RESSA KARINA RIRIN NUR FADHILAH SAFIRA CHAIRUNISA SOFIYANA KHOIRUNNISA SUGENG BUDIHARTA SUNARTO SUNARTO SURAPON SAENSOUK SUZYELAWATI MOHD SHUKRI THAARIQ RIAN PRIBADY WIDHI HIMAWAN