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All Journal Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Ethnobiology and symbolic roles of plants and animals in Javanese funeral rituals, Central Java, Indonesia LATIFAH RESTU PINASTI; MALFA AMORITA IFTITANI; MALIKASARI MALIKASARI; M. BAHRUL MUNA; SEVIANNA DANAH ZULFANI; MUHAMMAD INDRAWAN; TITI WAHYUNI; SURAPON SAENSOUK; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260949

Abstract

Abstract. Pinasti LR, Iftitani MA, Malikasari, Muna MB, Zulfani SD, Indrawan M, Wahyuni T, Saensouk S, Setyawan AD. 2025. Ethnobiology and symbolic roles of plants and animals in Javanese funeral rituals, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4805-4820. This study explores the ethnobotanical and ethnozoological dimensions of funeral and post-funeral traditions among the Javanese Muslim community in Kalibawang, Wonosobo District, Central Java, Indonesia. The research aimed to document the species of plants and animals used in ritual practices, their symbolic meanings, and their integration with Islamic and local cultural values. A descriptive–exploratory approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with 90 respondents, field observations, and quantitative analysis using the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) index. The findings revealed 19 plant species and 4 animal species involved in various stages of the ritual process. Flowers and leaves were the most frequently used plant parts, particularly Jasminum polyanthum, Magnolia × alba, Cananga odorata, and Oryza sativa, which held the highest RFC values (0.67-0.87). Among animals, Gallus domesticus ranked highest (RFC 0.67), followed by Bos indicus and Oreochromis spp.. These species function as ritual mediators expressing purity, devotion, fertility, and gratitude. The integration of Islamic principles with Javanese cosmology forms a harmonious synthesis that sustains both spiritual and ecological values. Moreover, the continuous use and cultivation of ritual species in homegardens contribute to biodiversity conservation through cultural continuity. The study concludes that the Kalibawang funeral tradition represents a living model of biocultural sustainability, where religious belief, cultural identity, and environmental stewardship coexist in a dynamic equilibrium that strengthens community resilience and moral ecology.
Taxonomic reassessment of the Selaginella flora of Java, Indonesia AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; TATIK CHIKMAWATI; MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN; SUTARNO SUTARNO; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; SUNARTO SUNARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270239

Abstract

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Chikmawati T, Miftahudin, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto. 2026. Taxonomic reassessment of the Selaginella flora of Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270239. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270239. Selaginella Beauv. is one of the most taxonomically complex lycophyte genera in tropical Asia, and species delimitation in Java has long been complicated by extensive morphological variation, nomenclatural inconsistency, and contrasting taxonomic interpretations. This study provides a comprehensive floristic and taxonomic reassessment of Selaginella in Java based on 1,962 occurrence records from field surveys and herbarium collections. Species diversity, distribution patterns, and taxonomic relationships were evaluated using comparative morphology, ecological evidence, herbarium examination, and contemporary nomenclatural standardization. A total of 21 species are recognized, including 19 native taxa and two introduced or naturalized species (S. kraussiana and S. uncinata). Updated diagnostic descriptions and identification keys are provided, and several problematic taxa are reassessed. Selaginella ascendens and S. springiana are interpreted within the S. intermedia complex, whereas S. caudata and S. caulescens are treated within the S. plana and S. involvens complexes, respectively. Several vegetative characters traditionally used for species delimitation, including branch flattening, foliage density, and leaf overlap, were found to be highly variable and environmentally responsive, whereas stem pubescence, aristate leaf apices, and certain growth-form characteristics remain more reliable for identification. Floristic comparisons indicate strong affinities between the Javan Selaginella flora and other regions of Sundaland, particularly Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia, together with secondary connections to Wallacea and the broader tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. The study provides an updated checklist, identification framework, and taxonomic baseline for future ecological, biogeographical, and evolutionary research on Asian Selaginella.
Revisiting Selaginella diversity in Java (Indonesia) through combined ecological and taxonomic reassessment AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; TATIK CHIKMAWATI; MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN; SUTARNO SUTARNO; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; SUNARTO SUNARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270150

Abstract

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Chikmawati T, Miftahudin, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto. 2026. Revisiting Selaginella diversity in Java (Indonesia) through combined ecological and taxonomic reassessment. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270150. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270150. Selaginella species have traditionally been distinguished mainly by vegetative traits. Because these traits vary with environmental conditions, the taxonomy of this lycophyte genus has remained complex, especially in tropical Asia. In Java, species diversity estimates remain inconsistent among classical floristic treatments, global databases, and recent field observations. This study reassessed Selaginella diversity in Java using field surveys, herbarium examination, taxonomic standardization, and ecological analyses. A total of 1,962 occurrence records were compiled across multiple habitat types and elevational zones. Species identities were verified through comparison of field collections, herbarium specimens, and published taxonomic references. Ecological structuring was analyzed using descriptive habitat analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS). The reassessment recognized 21 confirmed Selaginella species in Java, consisting of 17 native non-endemic taxa, two endemic taxa, and two introduced or naturalized species. Species richness was highest in humid submontane forests, whereas disturbed habitats contained simplified assemblages dominated by ecological generalists. NMDS analysis indicated significant habitat differentiation (ANOSIM: R = 0.684; p = 0.001 after 999 permutations), while several historically recognized taxa, including S. ascendens, S. springiana, and S. caudata, were not retained as independent species because of extensive overlap with broader species complexes. These results suggest that relying solely on vegetative morphology may overestimate Selaginella species richness in Java. This assessment updates our knowledge of Selaginella diversity in Java by integrating field observations, herbarium evidence, and ecological analyses. Conservation efforts should prioritize humid forest habitats, particularly submontane areas, which support the highest diversity and several habitat-specialist Selaginella species.
Co-Authors LATIFAH RESTU PINASTI M. BAHRUL MUNA MALFA AMORITA IFTITANI MALIKASARI MALIKASARI MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN MUHAMMAD INDRAWAN SEVIANNA DANAH ZULFANI SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO SUNARTO SUNARTO SUNARTO SUNARTO SURAPON SAENSOUK SUTARNO SUTARNO TATIK CHIKMAWATI TITI WAHYUNI