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All Journal Journal of Law and Legal Reform Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services
Abu Bakar Munir
Faculty of Law, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Navigating Indonesia’s Economic Crossroads: The Future of State-Owned Enterprises in a Transforming National Economy Aldehita Purnasanti Maulida; Indah Sri Utari; Yustina Dhian Novita; Abu Bakar Munir
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Legal Advocacy and Justice Innovation
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijals.v8i1.55219

Abstract

Indonesia’s economy is currently positioned at a decisive crossroads, facing the dual pressures of global market volatility and domestic structural transformation. Within this context, state-owned enterprises (BUMN) remain central actors, historically tasked with advancing national development objectives while simultaneously serving as instruments of fiscal stability and political legitimacy. Yet, their future role is increasingly contested as Indonesia seeks to reconcile efficiency, transparency, and competitiveness with broader goals of social equity and sustainable growth. This article critically examines the evolving position of BUMN in Indonesia’s transforming economy by integrating economic performance data, governance reforms, and comparative international perspectives. The analysis highlights a paradox: while BUMN continue to drive infrastructure expansion, energy provision, and financial intermediation, they also generate fiscal vulnerabilities through inefficiency, rent-seeking practices, and governance deficits. Regulatory reforms have sought to modernize corporate structures and enhance accountability, but enforcement remains uneven and institutional fragmentation persists. Drawing on socio-legal and political economy frameworks, the study argues that Indonesia’s economic sustainability depends on reorienting BUMN from state-centric instruments toward engines of innovation, competitiveness, and public value creation. By situating Indonesia’s experience within global debates on state capitalism, corporate governance, and developmental economics, the article contributes to understanding how emerging economies can navigate the tension between market liberalization and state intervention. It emphasizes that the future of BUMN will determine whether Indonesia can transform its current economic crossroads into a pathway toward inclusive, resilient, and globally competitive development. Ultimately, the study underscores that accountability, efficiency, and victim-centered governance are not optional reforms but essential conditions for Indonesia’s long-term economic transformation.
Transforming Credit Guarantees in Indonesia: Legal Reform and Digital Innovation at Askrindo Aldehita Purnasanti Maulida; Angkasa Angkasa; Suhadi Suhadi; Abu Bakar Munir
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January, 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v7i1.38585

Abstract

Credit guarantee institutions play a pivotal role in expanding financial inclusion, particularly for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), which contribute over 60% to Indonesia’s GDP and employ approximately 97% of the national workforce (Kemenkop UKM, 2024). PT Asuransi Kredit Indonesia (Askrindo), a state-owned enterprise under the Indonesia Financial Group (IFG), serves as a key factor in mitigating credit risk and facilitating access to financing through its guarantee schemes. This study critically examines the legal reform of credit guarantee mechanisms in Indonesia by analyzing the regulatory framework governing Askrindo and its ongoing digital transformation. The research highlights regulatory fragmentation across the Insurance Law (Law No. 40/2014), OJK regulations, and Ministry of Finance policies, which often results in operational inefficiencies and legal ambiguities in claim settlement and risk management. Concurrently, Askrindo’s digital initiatives—such as the implementation of e-guarantee platforms, AI-based credit scoring, and integration with national MSME databases—have significantly improved service delivery and data transparency. Empirical data from Askrindo’s annual reports (2020–2024) indicate an 18.7% increase in guaranteed credit volume following digital adoption, with a notable reduction in manual processing time by 42%. However, unresolved legal disputes related to 12.3% of defaulted claims underscore the urgency of harmonizing digital innovation with legal accountability. Interviews with regulators and Askrindo executives further reveal gaps in consumer protection, audit mechanisms, and legal clarity surrounding digital guarantees. Using a law and economics approach, this article argues that Indonesia’s credit guarantee system requires a comprehensive legal reform that aligns regulatory oversight with digital innovation. Important suggestions include creating a single set of laws for digital guarantees, requiring clear information sharing, and adding real-time audit trails to improve accountability and protect MSME beneficiaries.
Recognition and Marginalization: The Paradox of Legal Politics in Indigenous Constitutional Rights in West Kalimantan Karolin Margaret Natasa; Abdul Mukti Ro’uf; Sopian Lubis; Abu Bakar Munir
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): April, 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v7i2.47755

Abstract

Despite the constitutional guarantees provided by the Indonesian State to recognize and respect the existence of indigenous communities, the implementation of these rights remains problematic. In West Kalimantan, a province rich in both cultural diversity and natural resources, a sharp contradiction exists: while legal frameworks for recognition are expanding, indigenous peoples continue to face systematic marginalization, particularly regarding land tenure and ancestral domain. This study aims to analyze the legal-political paradox in which formal state recognition often serves as a mechanism of exclusion rather than empowerment. It seeks to uncover the underlying factors that cause legal instruments to fail to protect indigenous constitutional rights, against the backdrop of large-scale extractive industries and bureaucratic hurdles. This research employs a qualitative socio-legal approach. Data were gathered through a combination of normative legal research—analyzing constitutional mandates, national laws, and local regulations (Perda)—and empirical observations of land disputes and administrative recognition processes in West Kalimantan. The findings reveal that the “paradox of recognition” is driven by two primary factors: first, overly complex administrative requirements for legal status that transform a fundamental right into a “state-granted” privilege; and second, the dominance of developmentalist agendas that prioritize investment over indigenous sovereignty. Consequently, legal recognition in West Kalimantan often serves as a “formal mask” that stabilizes state authority while indigenous communities remain vulnerable to displacement and criminalization. The study concludes that true constitutional protection requires a paradigm shift from a state-centric recognition model to a rights-based approach that honors the self-identification of indigenous peoples.
Co-Authors Abdul Mukti Ro’uf Aldehita Purnasanti Maulida Angkasa Angkasa Indah Sri Utari Karolin Margaret Natasa Sopian Lubis Suhadi Suhadi Yustina Dhian Novita