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All Journal Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Yuniar Wardani
Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Immunology & microbiology Nursing Public Health

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UNDERSTANDING THE DRIVERS OF ANEMIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY: Memahami Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Anemia pada Ibu Hamil: Studi Cross-Sectional Riaya Fauziah; Erni Gustina; Kania Valentia Febriana; Ardyawati Wira Oktaviana; Yuniar Wardani; Liena Sofiana; Suci Musvita Ayu; Baiq Qatrunnada Hariyanti
Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V14I22026.178-184

Abstract

Background: Anemia is a global health issue, particularly among pregnant women in developing countries, with an estimated 35% of pregnant women worldwide expected to be anemic by 2023. This condition increases the risk of complications for both mother and fetus, such as fatigue, preterm birth, and low birth weight. It is influenced by maternal factors, including age, chronic energy deficiency (CED), and educational level. Purpose: This study aims to identify the relationship among maternal age, chronic energy deficiency, education level, and the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the working area of the Pakuncen Community Health Center and involved 192 pregnant women selected using purposive random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to determine the age, educational level, CED, and anemia status. Anemia status was determined by measuring hemoglobin levels using HemoCue, while CED status was assessed by upper-arm circumference (UAC). Data analysis used chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 40.60%. Maternal age, education level, and CED status were significantly associated with anemia incidence (p<0.05). Logistic regression showed that mothers with low education (AOR = 3.41; 95% CI: 1.77-6.53), experiencing CED (AOR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.12-4.20), and aged <20 or >35 years (AOR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.18-4.68) had a higher likelihood of anemia. Conclusion: Maternal age, nutritional status, and education level significantly affect anemia risk. Improving nutrition education and supporting empowerment can help reduce anemia and improve the health of mothers and infants.
Birth spacing, health insurance, source of drinking water, and low birth weight in Indonesia Yuniar Wardani; Liena Sofiana; Rosyidah Rosyidah; Erni Gustina; Baiq Qatrunnada Hariyanti; Ardyawati Wira Oktaviana; Kania Valentia Febriana
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Vol 42 No 10 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v42i10.29715

Abstract

Purpose: Low birth weight (LBW) in Indonesia is a major concern and must be addressed immediately, as it affects human resource quality. The study aimed to determine the proximate, intermediate, and distal factors associated with LBW in Indonesia. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design to estimate the association between risk factors and LBW in Indonesia using data sources from the 2012 IDHS and 2017 IDHS. We identified women who gave birth in the past five years and had only a singleton baby as eligible respondents. Results: Infants living in Sumatera (aOR= 0.57; 95% CI= 0.32-0.99) and rural areas (aOR= 0.69; 95% CI= 0.50-0.97) were protective of LBW than those living in Papua and Maluku and their urban counterparts. Meanwhile, households with an improved source of drinking water had a higher risk of LBW than households with an unimproved source (aOR= 1.45; 95% CI= 1.06-1.97). The odds of LBW were four times higher among mothers who never married than among others (aOR= 3.57; 95% CI= 1.08-11.81). The risk of LBW was also higher for mothers who delivered by cesarean section than for those who had no cesarean section/vaginal delivery (aOR= 1.75; 95% CI=1.21-2.52). Furthermore, female infants were approximately 1.35 times more likely to have LBW than male infants (aOR=1.35; 95% CI=1.00-1.83). Although health insurance ownership was not associated with LBW, the data show differences in the number of respondents with and without health insurance. Conclusion: Residence area, marital status, cesarean section, and infant sex were significant determinants of LBW. A public health strategy should implement targeted antenatal counseling for vulnerable groups such as rural mothers and unmarried mothers by establishing standard protocols for monitoring fetal growth within routine antenatal care services.
Co-Authors Ardyawati Wira Oktaviana Ardyawati Wira Oktaviana Baiq Qatrunnada Hariyanti Baiq Qatrunnada Hariyanti Erni Gustina Kania Valentia Febriana Kania Valentia Febriana Liena Sofiana Riaya Fauziah Rosyidah Rosyidah Suci Musvita Ayu