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All Journal Journal of World Future Medicine, Health and Nursing Altius: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga dan Kesehatan
Assyafiya Salwa
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta

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HISTOPATHOLOGICAL IMAGE OF THE NUMBER OF NEURONS IN THE BRAIN OF MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) INDUCED BY LEAD HEAVY METAL Herera Rahajeng; Eka Sri Haryati; Ichwan Baihaki; Niken Rahmah Ghanny; Afifa Radhina; Assyafiya Salwa; Fransiskus Samuel Renaldi
Journal of World Future Medicine, Health and Nursing Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/health.v4i2.3677

Abstract

Lead is a known heavy metal from human history to date for various uses, abuses and toxicities. Lead poisoning has been recognized as one of the most serious environmental health issues worldwide, especially children living in developing countries. Lead can damage or affect the organs of the body, among others, the nervous system, kidneys, reproductive system, and heart, as well as disturbances in the brain so that intellectual and mental disorders in the brain. This study aims to see the effect of lead on the number of neurons in the hippocampus in mice experimental animals. The mice used amounted to 10 tails and divided into two for the control group and the treatment group. The control group, each of which was 5 tails, was then given unbleached drinking water while the treatment group was given drinking water mixed with acetate with concentration of 1000ppm for 17 days in adlibitum. The observations were taken from each of the 5 fields of view on each preparation with a magnification of 40x. The calculation of the number of neuron cells is then analyzed descriptive statistics and different test. The result showed that control group with mean ± SD were 127,6 ± 7,9, and for treatment group that was 80,0 ± 20,9. T independent test result showed p = 0,001 (p <0,05) which means that there was a significant difference between control and treatment group. The conclusion of this research is the existence of neuron cell damage in mice that get treatment. By showing the number of neurons less than the control mice. Suggestion to develop this research hence need to continue research to find neuro protector compound specially from lead work in brain.
Energy System Contributions to Sports Performance: A Systematic Review Afifa Radhina; Niken Rahmah Ghanny; Herera Rahajeng; Assyafiya Salwa; Ichwan Baihaki; Bunga Anggreini Sari; Fransiskus Samuel Renaldi
Altius: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga dan Kesehatan Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Altius: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36706/altius.v15i1.203

Abstract

Understanding how the body produces and utilizes energy during exercise is key to enhancing athletic performance and refining training strategies. This systematic review analyzes recent studies on the contributions of the phosphagen (ATP-PCr), glycolytic (anaerobic), and oxidative (aerobic) energy systems in various sports. The review follows PRISMA 2020 guidelines and includes studies published between 2020 and 2025, selected from Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Energy system contributions were evaluated using markers such as oxygen uptake, substrate utilization, blood lactate levels, and ATP turnover rates. The review finds that in high-intensity, short-duration events like the 100m sprint, the phosphagen system accounts for 70%, while glycolytic and oxidative systems contribute 25% and 5%, respectively. In endurance events such as marathons, oxidative metabolism dominates, contributing 85–95% of total energy. Sports with mixed intensity, such as soccer and basketball, show dynamic contributions, with oxidative metabolism at 50–60%, phosphagen at 20–30%, and glycolytic at 15–25%. These results highlight the importance of sport-specific training to optimize energy system interactions and performance.
Co-Authors Afifa Radhina Bunga Anggreini Sari Eka Sri Haryati Ichwan Baihaki Niken Rahmah Ghanny Rahajeng, Herera Renaldi, Fransiskus Samuel