Abdul-Malek, Zulkurnain
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Lifetime estimation of DC XLPE cable insulation using BPNN-IPM improved with various schemes and optimization methods Fikri, Miftahul; Abdul-Malek, Zulkurnain; Mohd Esa, Mona Riza; Supriyanto, Eko; Mulyana Kartadinata, Iwa Garniwa; Abduh, Syamsir; Christiono, Christiono
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 36, No 1: October 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i1.pp86-98

Abstract

The world’s need for green energy is something that cannot be postponed any longer, where the transmission-distribution process requires power distribution in DC voltage. However, currently, the majority use AC voltage, so limited experience and lack of data regarding electrical cable aging under high voltage (HVDC) and their reliability are problems that must be resolved. Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) constitutes many insulation cables used today, so estimating the lifetime of DC XLPE cable insulation is urgent research, even though various model-optimization improvements are needed to obtain accurate results. This research begins with pre-processing for the input and output data. These results were then analyzed using two improved model schemes to accommodate the addition of variable space charge and thickness: backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and hybrid BPNN with inverse power model (BPNN-IPM). The learning process uses gradient descent (GD), genetic algorithm (GA), and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) optimization methods. Finally, the proposed method was verified using experimental data from previous research. The results show that the hybrid BPNN-IPM with LM optimization method is the most accurate: training root mean square error (RMSE) achieved 0 days, and testing RMSE achieved 0.83 days. These results show that the method BPNN-IPM-LM used is most accurate in estimating the lifetime of DC XLPE insulation.
Experimental investigation of soil pH Engineering with eco enzyme to improve grounding performance Jondra, I Wayan; Abdul-Malek, Zulkurnain; Sunaya, I Nengah; Sudana, Made; Purbhawa, I Made
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 42, No 1: April 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v42.i1.pp23-29

Abstract

The reliability of electric power distribution, in mitigating fault and disturbances, is strongly influenced by the effectiveness of grounding systems. A key factor in achieving low grounding resistance an essential requirement per construction and safety standards is soil condition. High grounding resistance is frequently observed in field implementations and is closely linked to soil resistivity, type, stratification, moisture content, and acidity (pH). This quantitative applied research addresses the persistent challenge of high grounding resistance by experimenting with investigating six grounding system models subjected to varying soil acidity levels. The study introduces the use of eco enzyme as a natural additive to modify soil pH and examines its effect on grounding resistance. Findings reveal that eco enzyme application successfully lowers soil pH, with an optimal reduction in grounding resistance observed at pH 3.8 achieving a drop from 40 ohms to 9 ohms. However, further lowering the pH below 3.8 results in a rise in resistance, indicating a threshold where acidic conditions become counterproductive. This research opens opportunities for broader applications of eco enzyme-treated soil in non-rod electrode systems and across diverse soil types, suggesting promising pathways for enhancing grounding systems in various environmental conditions.