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All Journal Linguistics Initiative Fonologi: Jurnal Ilmuan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris
Madeleine Winday
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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English writing errors among multilingual foreign language learners: A psycholinguistic approach Dini Eka Maulida; Madeleine Winday; Gustianingsih Gustianingsih
Linguistics Initiative Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Studi Bahasa dan Publikasi Ilmiah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53696/27753719.62449

Abstract

This research investigates the types and sources of English writing errors among students and alumni from non-English foreign language departments, including German, French, Mandarin, Arabic, and Japanese. The study aims to bridge the gap in error analysis research which predominantly focuses on English majors. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, utilizing an Error Analysis (EA) framework. Data were collected from 10 spontaneous essays on the topic "Why did you choose your major?" and analyzed using Ellis’s (1994) procedure and Dulay et al.’s (1982) surface strategy taxonomy. To ensure authenticity, participants were prohibited from using AI or translation tools. The findings reveal that misformation is the most dominant error type, accounting for 55% of the total findings, followed by omission (30%), addition (9%), and misordering (6%). This demonstrates that learners primarily struggle with accurate grammatical and lexical formations. Regarding error sources, the results show a significant dominance of intralingual interference (77%) over interlingual interference (23%). This leads to the conclusion that the participants’ difficulties stem more from the inherent complexity of the English grammatical system and incomplete mastery of its rules than from native language interference. These results highlight a unique linguistic profile for multilingual learners, where developmental confusion outweighs mother-tongue influence. The study recommends that English instruction for foreign language majors should prioritize target language rules to mitigate internal linguistic confusion.
Analisis Klausa dalam Bahasa Mandailing Godang Ainul Mardhiah; Feni Anggraini; Syafriani Tio Sari; Madeleine Winday; Khairina Nasution; Deliana Deliana
Fonologi: Jurnal Ilmuan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): September: Fonologi: Jurnal Ilmuan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris
Publisher : Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61132/fonologi.v4i3.3015

Abstract

This study aims to describe the types, classifications, and structures of clauses in Mandailing Godang. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method using data in the form of phrases, clauses, and sentence patterns obtained from daily conversations of native speakers of Mandailing Godang, namely Mr. Kholil Hasibuan and his family in Simangambat, Siabu, Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra. Data were collected through listening and conversation techniques from 1 to 8 September 2026 and analyzed using a distributional method with transformation techniques. The findings show that clauses in Mandailing Godang can be classified according to predicate categories into nominal, verbal, adjectival, numeral, and prepositional clauses, and according to their ability to stand independently into independent and dependent clauses. Verbal clauses include transitive, intransitive, active, passive, reciprocal, and reflexive clauses, while nonverbal clauses include nominal, adjectival, numeral, and prepositional clauses. In terms of structure, the data contain single clauses and compound clauses consisting of coordinate and subordinate clauses. These findings indicate that predicate type is an important factor in the variation of clause structures in Mandailing Godang.
Co-Authors Ainul Mardhiah Deliana Dini Eka Maulida Feni Anggraini Gustianingsih Khairina Nasution Syafriani Tio Sari