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All Journal Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian Majalah Obat Tradisional
Anwar, Muslih
Unknown Affiliation
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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In vitro evaluation of antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera, Centella asiatica, and Nigella sativa: individual and combined effects Capritasari, Rafiastiana; Setianto, Arif Budi; Akrom; Rais, Ichwan Ridwan; Anwar, Muslih; Sun, Suny
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.30597

Abstract

Oxidative stress, a condition linked to various degenerative diseases, occurs when reactive species build up in the body. These harmful molecules often come by environmental factors like air pollution as well as by unhealthy lifestyle habits. Fortunately, nature gives a defense system: plants produce flavonoids and other phenolic substances that act as natural antioxidants, handling to neutralize reactive species and protecting the body by their damaging effects. The objective of the study was to determine the phytochemical content of extracts of M. oleifera leaf, C. asiatica leaf, and N. sativa Oil and their operation as antioxidants. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests to measure flavonoid levels in the extracts. Bioactive substances were then identified through GC-MS and LC-HRMS, while antioxidant operation was assessed utilizing the DPPH method. The outcomes were drawn that Moringa oleifera and Centella asiatica extracts contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, while Nigella sativa oil contained terpenoids. Among the three, LC-HRMS screening drawn that Moringa oleifera extract had the highest diversity of flavonoid substances. The outcomes of GC-MS obtained 13 components identified in Nigella sativa oil, one of that was thymoquinone. The antioxidant operation IC50 scores were as follows: 57.943 ± 3.481 µg/mL (M. oleifera), 66.578 ± 1.979 µg/mL (C. asiatica), 56.174 ± 1.604 µg/mL (N. sativa), and 51.128 ± 1.724 µg/mL (polyherbal combination). All the samples demonstrated strong antioxidant operation, and notably, the combination of extracts proved to be more effective than when each to be utilized individually.
Flavonoid synergy in antioxidant optimization: a study of Apium graveolens and Orthosipon stamineus Astuti, Febriana; Akrom; Setianto, Arif Budi; Hidayati, Titiek; Mustofa; Anwar, Muslih; Sun, Suny
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.30599

Abstract

Oxidative stress, which arises by an imbalance among the formation of free radicals and the body's antioxidant defenses, is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of numerous degenerative abnormalities, comprising cardiovascular abnormality. Flavonoids, that are natural chemicals by antioxidant capabilities, have been identified as potential agents for protection against the adverse impacts of oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to ascertain the flavonoid substance of Apium graveolens and Orthosipon stamineus extracts and their antioxidant activity. The technique comprising qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests to decide the flavonoid substance of the extracts. In addition, bioactive compounds were screened utilizing LC-HRMS, and antioxidant activity was evaluated utilizing the DPPH technique. The outcomes of this study drawn the presence of flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins in the Apium graveolens and Orthosipon stamineus extracts. The Orthosipon stamineus extract was found to contain steroid compounds. The screening of flavonoids compounds utilizing LC-HRMS has drawn the presence of the greatest diversity of flavonoid compounds in the Apium graveolens extract. The antioxidant activity assay employed quercetin as the standard, possessing an IC₅₀ value of 3.95 μg/mL. Apium graveolens extract exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 58.86±0.44μg/mL, Orthosiphon stamineus extract drawn an IC₅₀ value of 61.69±0.21 μg/mL, whereas the combined extract yielded an IC₅₀ value of 46.32±0.34 μg/mL. The outcomes indicate that the extract combination shows superior free radical scavenging ability compared to the individual extracts, suggesting its potential to enhance the antioxidant efficacy of bioactive compounds derived by herbal plants.
Phytochemical Identification and Antioxidant Activity of Sea Cucumber Collagen Extracted by Maceration and Soxhletation Methods Salamah, Nina; Prasasti, Dian; Anwar, Muslih; Ramses, Ramses; Amelia, Fitrah; Ismarti, Ismarti
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.105457

Abstract

Free radicals exert numerous detrimental impacts, necessitating the presence of antioxidants to mitigate these adverse consequences. Previous studies have documented the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber from the Holothuroidea family. However, the impact of extraction techniques on the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber extracts has not been well-studied. Thus, this study aims to examine collagen extracts’ antioxidant activity through two distinct processes: Soxhlet extraction and maceration. The extracted samples were concentrated using the freeze-drying method, followed by a phytochemical analysis, functional group identification via FTIR, and an antioxidant activity assessment using the DPPH method. The antioxidant activity is quantified by the IC50 value. The phytochemical analysis showed that the sea cucumber extract had alkaloids, phenolics, and saponins. The FTIR results indicated that the sea cucumber extract contained a functional carbonyl amide group, akin to that of peptide compounds. The IC50 value of sea cucumber extract obtained from maceration (10.558 ± 0.033) was compared to Soxhlet extraction (19.107 ± 0.041) µg/mL. The antioxidant activity of sea cucumber extract obtained from maceration was superior to that derived from the Soxhlet method.
Co-Authors Akrom, Akrom Arif Budi Setianto Capritasari, Rafiastiana Dian Prasasti Febriana Astuti Fitrah Amelia Ichwan Ridwan Rais Ismarti Ismarti, Ismarti Mustofa Mustofa Nina Salamah Ramses Firdaus, Ramses Sun, Suny Titiek Suhardi Haripurnomo Kushadiwijaya Hidayati