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All Journal Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian
Anwar, Muslih
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Medicine & Pharmacology

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In vitro evaluation of antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera, Centella asiatica, and Nigella sativa: individual and combined effects Capritasari, Rafiastiana; Setianto, Arif Budi; Akrom; Rais, Ichwan Ridwan; Anwar, Muslih; Sun, Suny
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.30597

Abstract

Oxidative stress, a condition linked to various degenerative diseases, occurs when reactive species build up in the body. These harmful molecules often come by environmental factors like air pollution as well as by unhealthy lifestyle habits. Fortunately, nature gives a defense system: plants produce flavonoids and other phenolic substances that act as natural antioxidants, handling to neutralize reactive species and protecting the body by their damaging effects. The objective of the study was to determine the phytochemical content of extracts of M. oleifera leaf, C. asiatica leaf, and N. sativa Oil and their operation as antioxidants. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests to measure flavonoid levels in the extracts. Bioactive substances were then identified through GC-MS and LC-HRMS, while antioxidant operation was assessed utilizing the DPPH method. The outcomes were drawn that Moringa oleifera and Centella asiatica extracts contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, while Nigella sativa oil contained terpenoids. Among the three, LC-HRMS screening drawn that Moringa oleifera extract had the highest diversity of flavonoid substances. The outcomes of GC-MS obtained 13 components identified in Nigella sativa oil, one of that was thymoquinone. The antioxidant operation IC50 scores were as follows: 57.943 ± 3.481 µg/mL (M. oleifera), 66.578 ± 1.979 µg/mL (C. asiatica), 56.174 ± 1.604 µg/mL (N. sativa), and 51.128 ± 1.724 µg/mL (polyherbal combination). All the samples demonstrated strong antioxidant operation, and notably, the combination of extracts proved to be more effective than when each to be utilized individually.
Flavonoid synergy in antioxidant optimization: a study of Apium graveolens and Orthosipon stamineus Astuti, Febriana; Akrom; Setianto, Arif Budi; Hidayati, Titiek; Mustofa; Anwar, Muslih; Sun, Suny
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.30599

Abstract

Oxidative stress, which arises by an imbalance among the formation of free radicals and the body's antioxidant defenses, is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of numerous degenerative abnormalities, comprising cardiovascular abnormality. Flavonoids, that are natural chemicals by antioxidant capabilities, have been identified as potential agents for protection against the adverse impacts of oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to ascertain the flavonoid substance of Apium graveolens and Orthosipon stamineus extracts and their antioxidant activity. The technique comprising qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests to decide the flavonoid substance of the extracts. In addition, bioactive compounds were screened utilizing LC-HRMS, and antioxidant activity was evaluated utilizing the DPPH technique. The outcomes of this study drawn the presence of flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins in the Apium graveolens and Orthosipon stamineus extracts. The Orthosipon stamineus extract was found to contain steroid compounds. The screening of flavonoids compounds utilizing LC-HRMS has drawn the presence of the greatest diversity of flavonoid compounds in the Apium graveolens extract. The antioxidant activity assay employed quercetin as the standard, possessing an IC₅₀ value of 3.95 μg/mL. Apium graveolens extract exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 58.86±0.44μg/mL, Orthosiphon stamineus extract drawn an IC₅₀ value of 61.69±0.21 μg/mL, whereas the combined extract yielded an IC₅₀ value of 46.32±0.34 μg/mL. The outcomes indicate that the extract combination shows superior free radical scavenging ability compared to the individual extracts, suggesting its potential to enhance the antioxidant efficacy of bioactive compounds derived by herbal plants.
Co-Authors Akrom, Akrom Arif Budi Setianto Capritasari, Rafiastiana Febriana Astuti Ichwan Ridwan Rais Mustofa Mustofa Sun, Suny Titiek Suhardi Haripurnomo Kushadiwijaya Hidayati