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Analisis Biaya Distribusi Barang Semen Menggunakan North West Corner, Least Cost Method, Vogel’s Approximation Method, dan Stepping Stone (Studi Kasus: PT FM Global Logistics Cab. Bandung) Sheril Haifa Amaliah; Muhardi Muhardi; Umari Abdurrahim Abi Anwar
Bandung Conference Series: Business and Management 935-944
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsbm.v6i2.25744

Abstract. Transportation cost is one of the largest components of distribution activities; therefore, effective cost optimization is essential to improve operational efficiency. PT FM Global Logistics Bandung Branch faces high distribution costs for cement deliveries to multiple destination areas due to the absence of an optimized transportation allocation method. This study aims to determine the minimum distribution cost by applying transportation methods and to compare the initial solutions generated by the North West Corner (NWC), Least Cost Method (LCM), and Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM). This research employed a quantitative approach using the transportation model in linear programming. The data consisted of supply capacity, customer demand from January to June 2025, and distribution costs from three sources to nine destination areas. Initial solutions were obtained using the NWC, LCM, and VAM methods and subsequently tested for optimality using the Stepping Stone method. The results showed that the NWC method produced a total distribution cost of IDR 525,529,500, the LCM method resulted in IDR 520,051,600, while the VAM method generated the lowest distribution cost of IDR 515,719,400. The Stepping Stone optimality test indicated that all improvement index (Δ) values were positive, meaning that no alternative allocation could further reduce the total distribution cost. Therefore, the initial solution generated by the VAM method has reached the optimal condition and represents the most efficient alternative for minimizing distribution costs at PT FM Global Logistics Bandung Branch. Abstrak. Biaya transportasi merupakan salah satu komponen terbesar dalam kegiatan distribusi sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan yang optimal agar perusahaan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi operasional. PT FM Global Logistics Cabang Bandung menghadapi permasalahan tingginya biaya distribusi semen ke berbagai wilayah tujuan akibat belum diterapkannya metode optimasi transportasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan solusi distribusi dengan biaya minimum menggunakan metode transportasi serta membandingkan hasil solusi awal yang diperoleh dari North West Corner (NWC), Least Cost Method (LCM), dan Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan model transportasi pada pemrograman linear. Data yang digunakan meliputi kapasitas pasokan, permintaan konsumen periode Januari–Juni 2025, serta biaya distribusi dari tiga sumber menuju sembilan tujuan. Solusi awal diperoleh menggunakan metode NWC, LCM, dan VAM, kemudian diuji optimalitasnya menggunakan metode Stepping Stone. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode NWC menghasilkan total biaya distribusi sebesar Rp525.529.500, metode LCM sebesar Rp520.051.600, sedangkan metode VAM menghasilkan biaya terendah sebesar Rp515.719.400. Hasil pengujian menggunakan metode Stepping Stone menunjukkan seluruh nilai indeks perbaikan (Δ) bernilai positif sehingga tidak terdapat alternatif alokasi yang mampu menurunkan biaya distribusi. Dengan demikian, solusi awal yang dihasilkan metode VAM telah memenuhi kondisi optimal dan menjadi alternatif terbaik untuk meminimalkan biaya distribusi pada PT FM Global Logistics Cabang Bandung.

Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Menggunakan SERVQUAL dan IPA Survei pada Pasien RSMB Dita Aulia Pramesti; Muhardi Muhardi; Rabiatul Adwiyah
Bandung Conference Series: Business and Management 1043-1050
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsbm.v6i2.25983

Abstract. This Study Aims To Analyze Service Quality, Identify The Gap Between Patients' Expectations And Perceptions, And Determine The Service Attributes That Should Be Prioritized For Improvement At Muhammadiyah Bandung Hospital Using The Service Quality (SERVQUAL) And Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) Methods. This Research Employed A Quantitative Approach With A Survey Method Involving 100 Outpatients From The Internal Medicine And Neurology Clinics. Data Were Collected Through A Four-Point Likert Scale Questionnaire And Analyzed Using Validity Testing, Reliability Testing, SERVQUAL Analysis, And IPA. The Findings Indicate That All SERVQUAL Dimensions Have Negative Gap Values, With An Overall Average Gap Of –0.589, Indicating That The Quality Of Services Provided Has Not Fully Met Patients' Expectations. The IPA Results Reveal That The Main Priorities For Improvement Are The Cleanliness And Comfort Of Waiting And Examination Rooms, The Adequacy Of Hospital Facilities, And The Genuine Attention Provided By Medical Staff To Patients. Therefore, Muhammadiyah Bandung Hospital Should Prioritize Improvements In These Service Attributes To Enhance Service Quality And Increase Patient Satisfaction. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas pelayanan, mengidentifikasi kesenjangan antara harapan dan persepsi pasien, serta menentukan atribut pelayanan yang menjadi prioritas perbaikan di Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Bandung menggunakan metode Service Quality (SERVQUAL) dan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei terhadap 100 pasien rawat jalan pada Poli Penyakit Dalam dan Poli Saraf. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner menggunakan skala Likert empat poin, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, analisis SERVQUAL, dan IPA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh dimensi SERVQUAL memiliki nilai gap negatif dengan rata-rata gap keseluruhan sebesar -0,589, yang mengindikasikan bahwa kualitas pelayanan belum mampu memenuhi harapan pasien. Analisis IPA menunjukkan bahwa atribut yang menjadi prioritas utama perbaikan meliputi kebersihan dan kenyamanan ruang tunggu serta ruang pemeriksaan, kelengkapan fasilitas rumah sakit, dan perhatian tenaga medis kepada pasien. Dengan demikian, Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Bandung perlu memfokuskan upaya perbaikan pada atribut-atribut tersebut agar kualitas pelayanan sesuai dengan harapan pasien dan kepuasan pasien dapat meningkat.

Analisis Peramalan Penjualan Cone Kertas dengan Menggunakan Metode Adjusted Exponential Smoothing untuk Mengoptimalkan Jumlah Produksi (Studi Kasus pada PT Papertech Indonesia di Kabupaten Subang) Parsaulian Gultom; Muhardi Muhardi; Eka Tresna Gumelar
Bandung Conference Series: Business and Management 1083-1090
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsbm.v6i2.26268

Abstract. problem of fluctuations in the demand for paper cone products that affect production planning. This study aims to analyze demand forecasting using the Adjusted Exponential Smoothing method. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with a time series approach, using historical sales data. The analysis was carried out through forecasting calculations and error rate measurements using Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Tracking Signal. The results of the study show that the Adjusted Exponential Smoothing method is able to produce fairly accurate forecasting with a relatively small error rate and is still within the tolerance limit. Thus, this method can be used as a basis in production planning to optimize production quantities and reduce the risk of excess and underinventory. Abstrak. PT Papertech Indonesia merupakan perusahaan industri kertas yang menghadapi permasalahan fluktuasi permintaan produk cone kertas sehingga mempengaruhi perencanaan produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peramalan permintaan menggunakan metode Adjusted Exponential Smoothing. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan time series, menggunakan data historis penjualan. Analisis dilakukan melalui perhitungan peramalan serta pengukuran tingkat kesalahan menggunakan Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), dan Tracking Signal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Adjusted Exponential Smoothing mampu menghasilkan peramalan yang cukup akurat dengan tingkat kesalahan yang relatif kecil dan masih dalam batas toleransi. Dengan demikian, metode ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam perencanaan produksi untuk mengoptimalkan jumlah produksi serta mengurangi risiko kelebihan dan kekurangan persediaan.

Analisis Kinerja Manajemen Rantai Pasok dengan Menggunakan Metode Supply Chain Operation Reference (Scor) (Studi Kasus Produk Benang Tekstil pada PT XYZ) Andini Putri; Muhardi Muhardi; Umari Abdurrahim Abi Anwar
Bandung Conference Series: Business and Management 785-794
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsbm.v6i2.25057

Abstract. Textile industry plays a strategic role in Indonesia's economy, yet PT XYZ, an integrated textile company producing yarn, faces a gap between order volume and fulfillment realization, indicating potential supply chain inefficiency. This research aims to analyze the supply chain management performance of PT XYZ's yarn products and identify the weakest process using the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) Level 1 model. A descriptive quantitative approach with a case study method was employed, using PT XYZ as the research object. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation of the company's operational reports from January to December 2024, then verified through triangulation. Data processing involved calculating four Level-1 metrics: Perfect Order Fulfillment (POF), Order Fulfillment Cycle Time (OFCT), Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), and Cash to Cash Cycle Time (CTCCT), compared against industry benchmark. Results show POF at 97.23%, OFCT at 30 days, COGS at 83.26%, and CTCCT at 30 days, positioning the company between superior and advantage categories. The gap analysis reveals that cost and responsiveness attributes are the weakest, mainly due to dependency on imported raw materials. This study concludes that PT XYZ needs to strengthen procurement strategy and cost control to improve overall supply chain performance sustainably. Abstrak. Industri tekstil memiliki peran strategis bagi perekonomian Indonesia, namun PT XYZ, sebagai perusahaan tekstil terintegrasi produsen benang, masih menghadapi kesenjangan antara jumlah pesanan dan realisasi pemenuhannya, yang mengindikasikan potensi inefisiensi rantai pasok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja manajemen rantai pasokproduk benang PT XYZ serta mengidentifikasi proses dengan kinerja paling lemah menggunakan model Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) Level 1. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode studi kasus, dengan PT XYZ sebagai objek penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap laporan operasional perusahaan periode Januari–Desember 2024, kemudian diverifikasi melalui teknik triangulasi. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menghitung empat metrik Level 1, yaitu Perfect Order Fulfillment (POF), Order Fulfillment Cycle Time(OFCT), Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), dan Cash to Cash Cycle Time (CTCCT), yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan benchmark industri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai POF sebesar 97,23%, OFCT selama 30 hari, COGS sebesar 83,26%, dan CTCCT selama 30 hari, yang menempatkan perusahaan di antara kategori superior dan advantage. Analisis kesenjangan menunjukkan bahwa atribut cost dan responsiveness merupakan proses dengan kinerja paling lemah, terutama akibat ketergantungan pada bahan baku impor. Penelitian menyimpulkan PT XYZ perlu memperkuat strategi pengadaan pengendalian biaya guna meningkatkan kinerja rantai pasok secara berkelanjutan.

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