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Zakariyya, Fakhrusy
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Growth of cocoa seedlings affected by application of zeolite-cocopeat-manure mixture as soil conditioner enriched by Trichoderma sp. Zakariyya, Fakhrusy; Puspitasari, Niken; Nur’aini, Febrilia
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 40 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v40i1.578

Abstract

The objective of this research was to study the effect of soil conditioner in different dosage levels enriched by Trichoderma sp. on cocoa seedling growth and biomass. This research was conducted in glass house Kaliwining,Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, East Java, with rainfall type of D (Schmidt & Ferguson) with relatively flat topography at altitude 45 m above sea level. Complete Randomized Design using four treatments, i. e. no application of soil conditioner (control), the application of 200 grams, 400 grams, and 600 grams/polybags of soil conditioner, with 5 replications and 5 subsamples was engaged for this research. Trichoderma sp. as endophytic fungus has been detected highest in the soil conditioner that enriched with Trichoderma sp. The result of the research was the application of soil conditioner alone or combined with Trichoderma sp. could increase plant growth and plant biomass. This research finding was the addition of Trichoderma sp. with soil conditioner increased the plant growth doubled than soil conditioner alone.
Absorption of Cadmium and its Effect on the Growth of Halfsib Family of Three Cocoa Clones Seedling Zakariyya, Fakhrusy; Iman Santoso, Teguh; Abdoellah, Soetanto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 38 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v38i3.534

Abstract

The issue of cadmium in cocoa beans has become one of the primary considerations in setting quality criteria in chocolate-consuming countries. Using rootstock genotypes that are tolerant to cadmium uptake can provide data on the absorption of cadmium into shoots for recovery. This study examined cocoa plants’ growth and physiological response to cadmium (Cd) accumulation. The research was carried out using polybags in the Greenhouse of the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Center using a half-sib family of cocoa aged 4 months after sowing. The study was designed using a completely randomized split-plot design with 3 replications. The parent plots were the half-sib families of Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, and Scavina 6. The subplots were added with cadmium solution at 0 (control), 2, 4, and 8 ppm. The results showed that adding cadmium up to 8 ppm did not affect the growth and biomass of cocoa seedlings; however, it had a negative effect on plant physiological processes of the net assimilation rate and relative growth rate. Cadmium content in the tissue increased with increasing cadmium concentration in the growing medium. The accumulation of cadmium in roots was higher than that of shoots. Absorption of cadmium in the root tissue of Sulawesi 1 was higher than that of Scavina 6 and Sulawesi 2; genetic factors did not affect cadmium uptake in the shoots. There was a positive correlation between root dry weight and cadmium concentration in the tissue; the higher the dry weight of the root tissue, the higher the cadmium uptake in plants.
The Effect of Melatonin Application and Watering Frequency on the Growth of Cocoa Seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) Zakariyya, Fakhrusy; Novelia, Eka Putri; Subroto, Gatot; Avivi, Sholeh
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 41 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v41i2.644

Abstract

Watering is one of the keys to cocoa plant growth, where proper watering enhances plant development, while infrequent watering can lead to drought stress. Melatonin can help mitigate the negative impacts caused by drought stress. Melatonin is a hormone that regulates various physiological processes and is believed to enhance plant tolerance to stress while stimulating growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of melatonin application on the growth of cocoa seedlings under different watering frequency. The study was arranged by randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement, consisting of two factors with three replications. The main plot represents watering frequency of 3 days, 6 days, and 9 days. The subplot represented melatonin concentrations of 0 ?M, 50 ?M, 100 ?M, and 150 ?M. Observational parameters included plant growth based on plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and leaf area, as well as plant dry weight based on the dry weight of the shoot, roots, and total plant. The results showed that at the 3-day irrigation frequency, melatonin concentrations of 50-100 ?M enhanced plant growth parameters including plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, as well as shoot dry weight and total plant dry weight. At the 6-day frequency, melatonin application up to 150 ?M reduced growth and had no effect on total plant dry weight, but increased root dry weight. At the 9-day irrigation frequency with application of 150 ?M melatonin improved all growth parameters and total plant dry weight. Therefore, melatonin can enhance drought tolerance and promote plant growth under limited irrigation conditions.
Co-Authors Abdoellah, Soetanto Gatot Subroto Niken Puspitasari Novelia, Eka Putri Nur’aini, Febrilia Sholeh Avivi Teguh Iman Santoso