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Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Rumah Sakit dan Penyelenggara Sistem Elektronik (PSE) atas Kebocoran Data Rekam Medis Elektronik Eros Syah Warongan; Irman Jaya; Rita Alfiana; Annisa Fitria; Tuti Elawati
SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum, Agustus 2026
Publisher : LPPM Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi 45 Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55681/seikat.v5i4.3475

Abstract

The development of information technology in the healthcare sector has encouraged the transformation of conventional medical records into Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) integrated through the Satu Sehat application. However, this digitalization has raised legal issues concerning the leakage of sensitive electronic medical record data. This study aims to analyze the legal liability of the parties involved, particularly hospitals and Electronic System Operators (ESOs), for data breaches occurring within the system. The study employs the theories of legal protection and legal liability as analytical frameworks. The research method used is normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that legal liability for electronic medical record data breaches should be determined based on a causality model distinguishing between human error and system failure. Data breaches resulting from weaknesses in electronic systems place ESOs as the predominantly liable party, whereas breaches arising from internal management errors place hospitals as the predominantly liable party. Therefore, the most appropriate liability model within the Satu Sehat application is shared liability. This study concludes that a clear allocation of responsibilities between hospitals and ESOs is necessary. Accordingly, it is recommended that the government strengthen regulatory frameworks and supervisory mechanisms, while the Ministry of Health enhance the security of the Satu Sehat application system.
Fatwa and Digital Constitutionalism: Religious Authority and Public Expression in Indonesia Irman Jaya; Mohamad Shofin Sugito; Rahmat Dwi Putranto; Arrum Budi Leksono; Dzaka M. Hakim
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): Article in press
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v26i2.51675

Abstract

The Indonesian Constitution guarantees religious expression in the digital space. However, this expression can spark debate and controversy when it clashes with the authority of individuals issuing fatwas online. This study analyzes the interaction between religious views and the Constitution in Indonesia, especially regarding citizens' constitutional rights to express religious fatwas in the digital public sphere. With a digital constitutionalism approach that involves a normative-comparative analysis of the Indonesian Constitution, the Human Rights Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law), the Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law), and other relevant regulations, this study finds that the religious fatwas of ustadz (religious teachers) in the digital space invite debate/controversy. On the one hand, he has a constitutional right to express his religious opinions; on the other, the state regulates religious authorities who may express religious opinions in public. In practice, the state recognises an institutional fatwa (MUI) rather than an individual fatwa, although an individual fatwa has greater influence than an institutional fatwa.   Abstrak Konstitusi Indonesia menjamin kebebasan berekspresi dalam ranah keagamaan di ruang digital. Namun, ekspresi ini dapat memicu perdebatan dan kontroversi ketika berbenturan dengan otoritas individu yang mengeluarkan fatwa di ruang digital. Studi ini menganalisis interaksi antara pandangan keagamaan dan Konstitusi di Indonesia, khususnya terkait hak konstitusional warga negara untuk menyampaikan fatwa keagamaan di ruang publik digital. Dengan pendekatan digital constitutionalism (konstitusionalisme digital) melalui analisis normatif-komparatif terhadap Konstitusi Indonesia, Undang-Undang Hak Asasi Manusia, Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE), Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi (UU PDP), serta regulasi terkait lainnya, studi ini menemukan bahwa fatwa keagamaan dari para ustadz (guru agama) di ruang digital memicu perdebatan dan kontroversi. Di satu sisi, ia memiliki hak konstitusional untuk mengekspresikan pandangan keagamaan pribadinya; di sisi lain, negara mengatur otoritas keagamaan yang diperbolehkan menyampaikan opini keagamaan di muka umum. Dalam praktiknya, otoritas yang diakui oleh negara adalah fatwa institusional (MUI) dibandingkan dengan fatwa individu, meskipun fatwa individu memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar daripada fatwa institusional.