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Zikratun Nisa Azis
Universitas Syiah Kuala

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The Protestan Reformation and Socio-Political Transformation In 16th Century Europe Nur Liza; Zikratun Nisa Azis; Zulhijrah; Arifin Ilham; Nurasiah
Journal of Natural Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): January, Sciences Research
Publisher : CV. Scholar Edukasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66052/vj2cst84

Abstract

The Protestant Reformation was a pivotal 16th-century event that fundamentally reshaped European society. Emerging during the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era, this movement arose from a severe crisis of credibility within the Roman Catholic Church. This article examines the historical precursors, the central roles of figures like Martin Luther and John Calvin, and the subsequent social shifts. By utilizing a historical-qualitative approach based on the source text, this study highlights how the decline of clerical monopoly and the rise of vernacular literacy led to the formation of modern nation-states. The findings suggest that the Reformation was a catalyst for religious individualism and significant structural changes across the European continent.
Co-Authors Arifin Ilham Nur Liza Nurasiah Nurasiah Zulhijrah