Arifin Ilham
Universitas Syiah Kuala

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The Protestan Reformation and Socio-Political Transformation In 16th Century Europe Nur Liza; Zikratun Nisa Azis; Zulhijrah; Arifin Ilham; Nurasiah
Journal of Natural Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): January, Sciences Research
Publisher : CV. Scholar Edukasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66052/vj2cst84

Abstract

The Protestant Reformation was a pivotal 16th-century event that fundamentally reshaped European society. Emerging during the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era, this movement arose from a severe crisis of credibility within the Roman Catholic Church. This article examines the historical precursors, the central roles of figures like Martin Luther and John Calvin, and the subsequent social shifts. By utilizing a historical-qualitative approach based on the source text, this study highlights how the decline of clerical monopoly and the rise of vernacular literacy led to the formation of modern nation-states. The findings suggest that the Reformation was a catalyst for religious individualism and significant structural changes across the European continent.
Islamic Values in Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Implications for Customer Loyalty and Business Sustainability shyllatul Aita; Ulfa Mehra; Arifin Ilham
Indonesian Journal of Religious Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): January, Religious Moderation and Islamic Values in Strengthening Social Harmon
Publisher : CV. Scholar Edukasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66052/gbvzgc98

Abstract

The development of technology Customer loyalty is one of the important factors that determine the company's sustainability in the midst of increasingly fierce business competition in the digital era. The development of information technology has changed the way companies interact with customers, so that long-term relationships become strategic assets that need to be managed effectively. In this context, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is seen as an approach that helps companies build, maintain, and develop customer relationships through the continuous use of technology, services, and communication. This article aims to analyze the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and its influence on customer loyalty based on various relevant research results. The research uses a literature study method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was obtained from various sources of scientific literature, such as journals, books, and research articles that discuss CRM, service quality, customer communication, customer loyalty, and the use of digital technology in customer relationship management. The analysis is carried out through the process of identification, classification, and synthesis of previous research findings. The results of the study show that the implementation of CRM is carried out through the integration of digital technology, improving service quality, continuous communication, and personalizing services according to customer needs. The application of these aspects has been proven to be able to increase customer satisfaction and trust which then encourages the formation of customer loyalty. In addition, digital technology helps companies manage customer data more effectively so that the services provided become more responsive and on target. This study concludes that CRM is a strategy that plays an important role in building and maintaining customer loyalty through relationship management that is oriented towards customer needs. This article also offers a conceptual synthesis that integrates aspects of technology, service, communication, and service personalization in explaining the formation of customer loyalty in the digital age.