Alifia Ayu Romadhona
Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Meta-Analysis: Exploring the Impact of Marital Status, Work Environment Conditions, Education, Gender, and Age on Job Satisfaction among Healthcare Professionals Alifia Ayu Romadhona; Annes Rindy Permana; Bhisma Murti; Anggun Fitri Handayani
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2025.10.02.09

Abstract

Background: Health is a very complex field because it focuses on healthcare providers. The quality of healthcare can be determined through the job satisfaction of healthcare workers. Factors that can affect the job satisfaction of healthcare workers can be assessed based on marital status, working conditions, education, gender, and age. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of marital status, working conditions, education, gender, and age on job satisfaction among healthcare workers. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA flow chart and PICO model. Population: healthcare workers. Intervention: female, >30 years old, bachelor's degree, single, and good working environment. Comparison: male, <30 years old, diploma, married, and poor working environment. Outcome: job satisfaction. Data were obtained from the Google Scholar, PubMed, BMC, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Springer Link databases. The keywords used were “gender” AND “age” AND ‘education’ AND “marital status” AND “work environment” AND “job satisfaction” AND “health workers” AND “cross-sectional” AND “aOR”. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. Results: This meta-analysis included 12 cross-sectional studies from Myanmar and Ethiopia. The sample size was 3,962 health workers. Marital status (aOR= 1.43; 95% CI= 1.03 to 2.00; p= 0.003) and good working conditions (aOR= 1.55; 95%CI= 1.18 to 2.04; p= 0.002) significantly increased job satisfaction among health workers. Bachelor's degree (aOR= 1.51; 95% CI= 0.53 to 4.83; p= 0.400), female gender (aOR= 1.34; 95% CI= 0.87 to 2.05; p= 0.180), and age >30 years (aOR= 1.81; 95% CI= 0.81 to 4.09; p= 0.150) increased job satisfaction among healthcare workers but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Marital status, work environment conditions, education level, gender, and age affect job satisfaction in health workers.
Service Quality and Insurance Status as Determinants of Patient Satisfaction at Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Hospital, Sragen, Central Java, Indonesia Alifia Ayu Romadhona; Bhisma Murti; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Sumardiyono
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Hospital, Sragen, Central Java, Indonesia, served 127,443 outpatient visits in 2019; however, visits declined sharply during 2020–2021 and began to increase again in 2022. A decline in service quality may reduce patient visits, which represent an important asset for hospitals. This study aimed to analyze the effects of service quality, patient education, patient status, and insurance status on patient satisfaction at RSUD dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 200 outpatients selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study population comprised all outpatients at RSUD dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen. Data were collected using a Google Form questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression and path analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: Service quality had a direct, positive, and significant effect on patient satisfaction (b = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.24–0.63; p < 0.001). Empathy was the dominant factor, showing the strongest indirect effect (b = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.69–0.86; p < 0.001), followed by assurance (b= 0.69; 95% CI= 0.59–0.78; p < 0.001), tangibles (b= 0.55; 95% CI= 0.43–0.67; p < 0.001), responsiveness (b= 0.42; 95% CI = 0.29–0.55; p < 0.001), and reliability (b = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.11–0.39; p = 0.001). Patient trust had a significant indirect effect on service quality (b = 0.64; 95% CI= 0.54–0.74; p < 0.001), and insurance status also showed a significant indirect effect on service quality (b = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.24–0.50; p < 0.001). The direct effect of trust on patient satisfaction was positive but not statistically significant (b = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.04–0.37; p = 0.12). Conclusion: Service quality has a significant positive effect on patient satisfaction, with empathy as the most influential factor, followed by assurance, responsiveness, tangibles, and reliability. Patients with certain insurance coverage reported better perceptions of service quality. These findings suggest that strengthening empathy and assurance is crucial for improving patient satisfaction and loyalty in hospital settings.