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Mei Yati Simatupang
STIKes Nauli Husada
Dentistry Health Professions Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Changes in Energy and Protein Intake After Local Food-Based Nutrition Education for Pregnant Women in Tukka Village Fitri Khoiriyah; Mei Yati Simatupang; Oktaviani Yanti Zega
Open Access Health Scientific Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Griya Eka Sejahtera

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55700/oahsj.v6i2.261

Abstract

Background: Energy and protein intake during pregnancy is important for maternal health and fetal growth. Education using local food samples can help mothers implement nutritional recommendations in their daily consumption. This study aims to describe changes in energy and protein intake following local food-based nutrition education among pregnant women in Tukka Village, Central Tapanuli Regency.Methods: A pre-experimental study with a single-group before-after design was conducted in March 2025. A total of 30 pregnant women were recruited through total sampling. Education using leaflets or modules on energy and protein sources, portion sizes, meal frequency, and examples of local food-based menus was provided. Data collection used a questionnaire. Intake before and after the intervention is presented as the mean and standard deviation.Results: Most participants were aged 20–35 years (76.7%), had a high school education (46.7%), and were in their second trimester (43.3%). Mean energy intake increased from 1,645 ± 285 to 1,980 ± 270 kcal/day, with a difference of 335 kcal/day. Mean protein intake increased from 55.8 ± 12.4 to 69.7 ± 11.8 g/day, with a difference of 13.9 g/day.Conclusion: Reported energy and protein intakes were higher after local food-based nutrition education. The design without a control group limits causal conclusions. Controlled studies with standardized intake measurements are needed to confirm the effectiveness of the intervention and its impact on maternal nutritional status.
Effectiveness of Family-Based Nutritional Assistance in Preventing Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnant Women Friska Apriani Sihombing; Mei Yati Simatupang; Fitri Khoiriyah
Open Access Health Scientific Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Griya Eka Sejahtera

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55700/oahsj.v6i2.262

Abstract

Background: Chronic energy deficiency during pregnancy requires interventions that support household dietary practices. This study evaluated changes in mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), nutrition knowledge, family support, and the reported proportion of women at risk after family-based nutrition support.Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control-group pretest–posttest study was conducted in Pasir Field, Central Tapanuli, Indonesia, in 2025. Sixty pregnant women were recruited through total sampling, with 30 participants per group. The intervention group received eight weeks of family-based nutrition support, while controls received routine care. Results were summarized descriptively.Results: Mean MUAC increased from 22.62 ± 0.82 to 23.78 ± 0.81 cm in the intervention group and from 23.02 ± 0.85 to 23.18 ± 0.90 cm in controls. Mean changes were 1.16 and 0.16 cm, respectively, yielding a descriptive between-group difference in changes of 1.00 cm. Intervention-group knowledge scores increased from 56.8 to 80.9, and family-support scores from 55.0 to 80.7. The reported at-risk proportion decreased from 83.3% to 30.0% in the intervention group and from 66.7% to 60.0% in controls.Conclusion: Family-based nutrition support showed more favorable descriptive changes in maternal nutritional indicators and family support. Establishing effectiveness requires verification of between-group analyses, adjustment for baseline differences, and control of confounding.
The Relationship between Food Consumption Diversity and the Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women as an Effort to Prevent Chronic Energy Deficiency Jenni Susi Sihite; Oktaviani Putri Zega; Mei Yati Simatupang
Open Access Health Scientific Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Griya Eka Sejahtera

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55700/oahsj.v6i2.263

Abstract

Background: Dietary diversity is an indicator of diet quality, while mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is used to screen pregnant women for chronic energy deficiency risk. This study examined the association between dietary diversity and chronic energy deficiency risk among pregnant women in Kolang, Central Tapanuli, Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2025 among 40 pregnant women recruited through total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and MUAC measurements. Dietary diversity was classified as diverse (≥5 food groups) or less diverse (<5 food groups). Chronic energy deficiency risk was defined as MUAC <23.5 cm. Associations were assessed using a two-sided Fisher's exact test and a crude prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Twenty-five women (62.5%) consumed diverse diets, and 12 (30.0%) screened positive for chronic energy deficiency risk. Risk prevalence was 60.0% (9/15) in the less diverse group and 12.0% (3/25) in the diverse group. Recalculation of the aggregated contingency table indicated an association between dietary diversity and chronic energy deficiency risk (p = 0.003; PR = 5.00; 95% CI: 1.60–15.62).Conclusion: Lower dietary diversity was associated with a higher prevalence of chronic energy deficiency risk. These findings support attention to dietary diversity in antenatal care but do not establish causality or preventive effectiveness. Longitudinal studies using standardized dietary assessments and adjustment for confounding are needed.
Household Food Security and Risk of Chronic Energy Deficiency among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study Oktaviani Yanti Zega; Jenni Susi Sihite; Mei Yati Simatupang
Open Access Health Scientific Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Griya Eka Sejahtera

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55700/oahsj.v6i2.264

Abstract

Background: Household food insecurity may limit pregnant women's access to sufficient and nutritious food. This study examined the association between household food security and the risk of chronic energy deficiency (CED) among pregnant women in Badiri District, Central Tapanuli Regency, Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2025 involving 50 pregnant women recruited through total sampling. Household food security was assessed using a questionnaire, and CED risk was classified as a mid-upper arm circumference <23.5 cm. Associations were examined using Pearson's chi-square test. The unadjusted prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated from the contingency table.Results: Twenty-two participants (44.0%) lived in food-insecure households, and 15 (30.0%) were classified as at risk of CED. The proportion at risk of CED was 50.0% in food-insecure households and 14.3% in food-secure households. Food insecurity was associated with a higher prevalence of CED risk (PR = 3.50; 95% CI: 1.29–9.50; χ² = 7.483; p = 0.006).Conclusion: Household food insecurity was associated with CED risk among pregnant women in the study population. Integrating food-security screening, nutritional assessment, and support for food access into antenatal care should be considered. The cross-sectional design and lack of adjustment for confounders limits causal interpretation and generalizability.
Co-Authors Fitri Khoiriyah Friska Apriani Sihombing Jenni Susi Sihite Oktaviani Putri Zega Oktaviani Yanti Zega