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I Kadek Deva Sancitta Aiswarya
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AN ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF PECS IN SUPPORTING VISUAL COMMUNICATION IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME Dhigdya Vesquita Zaki; I Kadek Deva Sancitta Aiswarya; Lyoni Zahra Putri Indiawan; Rizqi Fajar Pradipta
Proceedings Series of Educational Studies 2026: International Conference on Educational Management and Technology (5th ICEMT 2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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Abstract

Children with Down syndrome typically have more developed receptive than expressive language skills, which often limits their ability to convey wants and needs verbally. Left unaddressed, this gap can trigger frustration and tantrum behavior. This study describes the process and outcomes of implementing Phase 1 of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) as an effort to shift weak verbal communication toward more functional visual communication in a girl with Down syndrome at SLB Sumber Dharma, Malang, Indonesia. A qualitative single descriptive case study design (N-1) was used. Data were collected through participatory observation across five intervention sessions, parent interviews, and document review (child data form and planning matrix), then analyzed descriptively and thematically. Results revealed an uneven prompt-fading pattern across three PECS Phase 1 sub-behaviors: reaching toward the communication partner reached independence by the fourth session, handing over the picture card reached independence by the fifth session, while independently taking the card had not yet been achieved by the final session. Post-school fatigue, device distraction, and sensory sensitivity were identified as factors affecting the consistency of the child's performance. These findings underscore the need to report PECS outcomes at the sub-behavior level rather than only as global phase-mastery status, particularly for the Down syndrome population, whose literature base remains comparatively limited relative to the autism population.
The Effect of Finger Painting on the Fine Motor Skills of Children with Down Syndrome at the Sumber Dharma Special Education School Aunillah Aunillah; Wiwik Dwi Hastuti; Ediyanto Ediyanto; Triya Valentina; I Kadek Deva Sancitta Aiswarya; Hilyatina Dhiyaul Qonita
Proceedings Series of Educational Studies 2026: International Conference on Educational Management and Technology (5th ICEMT 2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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Abstract

Children with Down syndrome generally experience difficulties with fine motor skills, particularly in active finger use, alternating finger use, and hand-eye coordination. This study aims to analyze the effect of finger painting activities on the fine motor skills of children with Down syndrome at the Sumber Dharma Special Education School. The study employed a Single Subject Research (SSR) experimental method with an A-B-A design consisting of baseline-1 (A1) with 5 sessions, an intervention (B) with 8 sessions, and baseline-2 (A2) with 5 sessions. The research subject was a ninth-grade student with Down syndrome. Data were collected through observation using a 12-item instrument with three indicators of fine motor skills and a 1–4 rating scale. Analysis was conducted visually within and across conditions. The results showed an average fine motor skill score of 59.58% in A1, which increased to 71.35% in B, and stood at 68.52% in A2. The intervention phase showed an upward trend and 87.5% stability. The change from level A1 to B was +4.17%, and the overlap percentage between A1 and B was 12.5%. These results indicate that finger painting activities have a positive effect on fine motor skills, and some of the skills acquired persisted after the intervention ended.
Co-Authors Aunillah Aunillah Dhigdya Vesquita Zaki Ediyanto Hilyatina Dhiyaul Qonita Lyoni Zahra Putri Indiawan Pradipta, Rizqi Fajar Triya Valentina Wiwik Dwi Hastuti