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All Journal EduBase: Journal of Basic Education
Ramadhan Kurnia Habibie
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Education

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Diagnosing Geometric Thinking Levels to Inform Geometry Instruction in Elementary School: A van Hiele Perspective Ramadhan Kurnia Habibie; Wahyudin Wahyudin; Turmudi Turmudi; Ernawulan Syaodih
EduBase : Journal of Basic Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): EduBase : Journal of Basic Education
Publisher : LJPI UI Bunga Bangsa Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47453/edubase.v7i2.3767

Abstract

Objective: This study describes the profile of elementary students’ geometric thinking levels using the van Hiele framework. Novelty: The increasing mean scores across levels corroborate the hierarchical nature of the van Hiele model. Methods: A descriptive quantitative design was applied to a sample of 23 fifth-grade students who completed a van Hiele–based Geometry Thinking Level Test (Levels 0–4). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine score distributions and classify students by van Hiele level. Results: Total test scores ranged from 3 to 13 (mean = 8.30; median = 9.00). Of the students, 52.2% were classified at Level 1 (Analysis), 34.8% at Level 0 (Visualization), and 13.0% at Level 2 (Informal Deduction); no students reached Levels 3 or 4. Conclusion: Elementary students’ geometric mastery remains concentrated on shape recognition and basic property analysis, while formal deductive reasoning is not yet developed. The findings imply the need for a systematic, scaffolded geometry learning trajectory that progresses from strengthening visualization to activities that foster relational and deductive reasoning.
Co-Authors Ernawulan Syaodih Turmudi