EduBase: Journal of Basic Education
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): EduBase : Journal of Basic Education

Diagnosing Geometric Thinking Levels to Inform Geometry Instruction in Elementary School: A van Hiele Perspective

Ramadhan Kurnia Habibie (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Wahyudin Wahyudin (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Turmudi Turmudi (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Ernawulan Syaodih (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
27 Sep 2026

Abstract

Objective: This study describes the profile of elementary students’ geometric thinking levels using the van Hiele framework. Novelty: The increasing mean scores across levels corroborate the hierarchical nature of the van Hiele model. Methods: A descriptive quantitative design was applied to a sample of 23 fifth-grade students who completed a van Hiele–based Geometry Thinking Level Test (Levels 0–4). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine score distributions and classify students by van Hiele level. Results: Total test scores ranged from 3 to 13 (mean = 8.30; median = 9.00). Of the students, 52.2% were classified at Level 1 (Analysis), 34.8% at Level 0 (Visualization), and 13.0% at Level 2 (Informal Deduction); no students reached Levels 3 or 4. Conclusion: Elementary students’ geometric mastery remains concentrated on shape recognition and basic property analysis, while formal deductive reasoning is not yet developed. The findings imply the need for a systematic, scaffolded geometry learning trajectory that progresses from strengthening visualization to activities that foster relational and deductive reasoning.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

edubase

Publisher

Subject

Education

Description

Journal of Basic Education (Edubase) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research papers and reviews in the field of basic education conducted by educational practitioners such as teachers, lecturers, basic education observers, basic education policy makers and ...