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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering Indonesian Journal of Education and Social Science Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development IJITL
Ling, Jen Hua
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Journal : Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design

 1 
The Potential of Tea Waste and Silica Fume as Partial Replacements for Cement in Bricks Lim, Yong Tat; Ting, Michelle Sze Hui; Bujang, Ummi Humaira Binti; Bujang, Mastura Binti; Ling, Jen Hua
Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): IJoCED
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35806/39gwjx93

Abstract

Bricks are widely used building materials made from sand, cement, and water in standard proportions. However, the increasing demand for construction materials that use sand and ordinary Portland cement is leading to the depletion of natural resources. To address this issue, researchers are exploring alternative materials, such as Tea Waste (TW) and Silica Fume (SF), as partial replacements for cement bricks. This study used a mix proportion of 1:2.5 with a certain percentage of replacement materials and 0.5 of a water/cement ratio. The experimental results indicated that when TW and SF were substituted at 5% and 10%, respectively, the compressive strength of the cement bricks was adequate and met the minimum masonry unit requirements of the British Standard. Additionally, the density of the cement bricks (with TW and SF) was lower than that of solid bricks, and the water absorption met the requirements of the British Standard. However, the cement bricks' effective strength-to-weight ratio (s-w ratio) was lower than 1.0, except for the specimens with 5% TW and 10% SF. The optimum mix proportion was the cement brick with 5% TW and 10% SF as it achieved all the industry requirements. 
Evaluation of Cement Brick with Cocopeat as Partial Replacement of Sand Lim, Yong Tat; Ling, Jen Hua; Bujang, Ummi Humaira Binti; Leong, Wen Kam; Sia, How Teck; Chiong, Mary Mee Shi
Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): IJoCED
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35806/ijoced.v7i1.481

Abstract

The rising population has fueled construction growth, increasing the demand for bricks and raising concerns about the depletion of raw materials, especially sand. To address this, research was carried out to investigate the utilization of cocopeat (CCP) as a partial sand replacement in the construction industry. In this study, a total of 72 specimens were manufactured with varying proportions of cocopeat to replace sand, ranging from 0% to 25%. A 1:2.5 of cement-to-sand ratio and 0.5 of water-to-cement ratio were used. Performance of the cement brick was evaluated based on dimension, compressive strength, density, water absorption, crack development, and effective strength-to-weight ratio (  ratio). Results showed that all bricks met industrial requirements. Satisfactory compressive strength was achieved with 5% to 15% of cocopeat, meeting the minimum requirements in British Standard BS 3921:1985. Bricks with 5% to 10% of cocopeat have no crack on the sample. These bricks resulted in a lower density than solid bricks, while still fulfilled the percentage of water absorption requirements of British Standard, 1985. Cement bricks with 5% and 10% cocopeat had an effective strength-to-weight ratio (  ratio) above 1.0. Notably, brick with 10% cocopeat fulfilled all the industry requirements. Therefore, the cocopeat can be recommended as a partial replacement in brick production.
An Application of Blended Palm Oil Waste in Brick Production Jusli, Euniza; Ling, Jen Hua; Bujang, Mastura; Ali, Dayang Siti Hazimmah; Lee, Toh Sing
Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): IJoCED
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35806/ijoced.v3i2.175

Abstract

Cement brick is an essential construction component, which uses cement as the primary binder. The cement industry was identified as the major contributor to carbon dioxide emission, which is a greenhouse gas. The application of agro-industrial waste as partial cement replacement can reduce the negative impacts on the environment. In this study, the palm oil wastes, namely Palm Oil Clinker Powder (POCP) and Palm Oil Boiler Ash (POBA), were used as partial cement replacement. A total of 60 specimens were prepared with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% cement replacement by POCP and POBA. The physical and mechanical properties of bricks, such as density, water absorption, voids, and compressive strength, were investigated. The results show that the brick with 20% CP and BA could be used as a severe weathering brick.
Behavior of Grouted Sleeve Wall Connection under Lateral Load Ling, Jen Hua; Abd. Rahman, Ahmad Baharuddin; Ibrahim, Izni Syahrizal
Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): IJoCED
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35806/ijoced.v6i1.337

Abstract

A grouted sleeve’s efficiency in splicing steel bars makes it a potential choice for connecting precast elements. While most studies have focused on the feasibility of grouted sleeves under tension, only a few have investigated the real response of precast concrete members connected using grouted sleeves. In this study, Tapered Head Sleeves (THS) were utilized as connections for precast walls. The objectives were to examine their behavior under incremental lateral loads and assess the feasibility of THS as a wall connection. Five test specimens and one control specimen were fabricated, each comprising two walls joined by THS. The load was applied 1.8 m above the joint until specimen failure. Specimens that experienced bar fracture failure exhibited a relatively large drift upon failure, while those failing due to bar bond slip showed smaller drift. Factors contributing to wall drift included horizontal slip, rocking displacement, cantilever bending deformation, and compressive settlement. The ultimate load increased by 71% as the embedded length increased from 75 mm to 175 mm, and it increased by 50% as the sleeve diameter decreased from 75 mm to 50 mm. The sleeves' performance was evaluated for feasibility based on the strength ratio, drift ratio, ductility ratio, failure mode, performance ratio, serviceability ratio, and length ratio. Only THS-8 met all the criteria, suggesting that the bar's embedded length should be at least 11 times the bar diameter.
Lessons Learned from Challenges in Developing a Test Setup to Replace a Faulty Universal Testing Machine Ling, Jen Hua; Chin, Wei Jun; Ling, Bing Liang; Su, Vincent Liang Cheng
Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): IJoCED
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35806/ijoced.v7i2.496

Abstract

This study addresses the challenges encountered in developing a test setup to replace a malfunctioning Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The setup was designed using a portal frame, hydraulic jack system, data acquisition system, and beam reaction system to simulate compressive forces on concrete-filled tube (CFT) specimens. Significant issues arose, including deformation of the steel plate, which failed to uniformly distribute stress; excessive out-of-plane deformation of the supporting steel beam; and load cell damage due to overloading. These problems resulted from inappropriate load simulation, inaccurate measurements, and safety concerns. Despite multiple mitigation attempts, the setup was ultimately unsuccessful and discontinued. Displacement discrepancies reached 90.9% and 76.7% in Setup 1 and Setup 2, respectively, while strength discrepancies of 31.9% to 46.2% were observed in identical specimens. This research highlights the complexities of replicating precise testing conditions and underscores the need for thorough planning and expertise in experimental design. To guide future setups, this study recommends a strength hierarchy, in ascending order: specimen, hydraulic cylinder, load cell, steel beam, and portal frame, to ensure safety and reliability in test execution.
Co-Authors Abd. Rahman, Ahmad Baharuddin Ali, Dayang Siti Hazimmah Bujang, Mastura Bujang, Mastura Binti Bujang, Ummi Humaira Binti Chin, Wei Jun Chiong, Mary Mee Shi Ibrahim, Izni Syahrizal Jusli, Euniza Lau, Ji Wei Lee, Toh Sing Leong, Wen Kam Lim, Yong Tat Ling, Bing Liang Sia, How Teck Su, Vincent Liang Cheng Ting, Michelle Sze Hui