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Species of Fruit Flies Attacking Citrus (Citrus sp.) and their Control using Various Attractants in Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia Hidrayani, Hidrayani; Yunisman, Yunisman; Tasari, Nurmelia; Ikhsan, Zahlul
AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 46, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v46i3.4164

Identification of fruit flies and the methods of their control are essential to overcome the problem of pests. Using attractants is one of the control methods, which is environmental friendly and leaves no residue on plants. The study aimed to identify the species of fruit flies attacking Siam citrus plants and determine the most effective type of attractants to control their population. Identification was made on the fruit flies captured on attractants, and the study on attractants was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of four treatments and five replications. Four treatments (type of attractants) were petrogenol, rongit glue, chery glue, and king super glue. Two species of fruit flies, i.e., Bactrocera dorsalis and B. umbrosa, were found in the citrus plantation in Lambung Bukik Padang. The most effective attractants to control the fruit fly population were rongit glue and super king glue, which trapped the highest number of flies. Rongit glue trapped on the average of 94.2 individuals, and King superglue at 91.0 individuals per week. Rongit glue and super king glue can reduce fruit fly attacks. It is also part of an integrated pest management system to support sustainable agriculture.

Bioactivity Test of Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) Processing Waste as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative for Pest Control Using Nano Technology Hamid, Hasmiandy; Reflinaldon, Reflinaldon; Hidrayani, Hidrayani; Yunisman, Yunisman; Lina, Eka Candra
AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 46, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v46i2.4397

The gambir plant can serve as a raw material for botanical insecticides. Plant-based insecticides are made in nanoemulsion form to overcome the insecticide particle size problem. This study aims to obtain a gambir waste form that has the potential to be used as a botanical insecticide using nanotechnology. The laboratory experiments include preliminary and follow-up tests. The preliminary test involves testing each extract (liquid, solid, and raw gambir waste) at three concentrations using a completely randomized design with four replications. The follow-up test uses the residue method on leaves to test insecticidal activity. Creating nanoemulsion from gambir waste involves mixing organic and liquid phases through spontaneous emulsification. The insecticidal effectiveness of this nanoemulsion is tested on Croccidolomia pavonana. The results show that solid and liquid gambir waste has the potential to be used as alternative insecticides, which can influence the mortality of C. pavonana with an LC50 concentration of 0.22 (solid waste) and 0. 29 (liquid waste), while LC95 is 2.44 (solid waste) and 2.52 (liquid waste). The research promotes utilizing natural resources and innovative technologies, advancing environmentally conscious pest control methods, and fostering sustainable agricultural systems.

Kolonisasi Beberapa Jamur Antagonis Pada Akar Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Penekanan Penyakit Antraknosa yang Disebabkan Oleh Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Jamarun, Nurbailis; Yunisman, Yunisman
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2017): June 2017
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.1.1.1-9.2017

Penyakit antraknosa merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman cabai yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum gloesporioides. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jamur antagonis unggul yang mampu mengkolonisasi akar tanaman cabai dan efektif mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum gloesporioides. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Jamur antagonis yang digunakan yaitu: Trichoderma isolat 1, Trichoderma isolat 2, Trichoderma isolat 3, Trichoderma isolat 4, Paecilomyces isolat 1, Paecilomyces isolat 2, Paecilomyces isolat 3, Paecilomyces isolat 4, dan Aspergilus sp. Aplikasi jamur antagonis dilakukan dengan merendam akar tanaman cabai pada suspensi jamur dan aplikasi jamur patogen dilakukan dengan menyemprotkan suspensi jamur pada buah cabai sampai seluruh permukaannya basah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua jamur antagonis yang diuji mampu mengkolonisasi akar tanaman cabai. Isolat yang terbaik dalam mengkolonisasi dan penekanan penyakit antraknosa adalah Trichoderma isolat 3 yang memiliki kemampuan kolonisasi sebesar 95,83%, persentase buah terserang 18,75% dan intensitas serangan sebesar 20% dan Trichoderma isolat 1 memiliki kemampuan kolonisasi sebesar 91,66%, persentase buah terserang 25,00% dan intensitas serangan sebesar 32,50%.

Aktivitas Insektisida Campuran Ekstrak Air Buah Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae) dan Batang Cymbopogon ciratrus (Dc.) Stapf (Poaceae) Terhadap Larva Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Lina, Eka Candra; Supriadi, Adventus; Yunisman, Yunisman; Martinius, Martinius
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2017): June 2017
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.1.1.34-41.2017

Crocidolomia pavonana is an important pest in Brassicaceae. Botanical insecticides is pest control alternative which meet to eco-friendly manajement. This study aims to determine lethal concentration of single and mixture of water extract of Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) fruit and Cymbopogon cirtatus (Poaceae) stem against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae. The study was conducted in laboratory experiment through preliminary test and advance test using a completely randomized design (CRD). Observations were included to larval mortality, antifeedant effect, and duration of larval development. Bioassay was done against second instar larvae of C. pavonana using leaves immersion method during 48 hours. The results show that LC50 and LC95 value of mixture extract are 2.83% and 5.79% respectively. Based on index combination analysis, P. aduncum and C. citratus mixture extract were antagonistic at LC50 and additive at LC95 . Water extract of P. aduncum and C. citratus were relatively weak to influence feeding activity of C. pavonana larvae (41%). Mixture extract also extend larval development from second instar to third instar around 0.24 days and third instar to fourth instar around 0.97 days.

Kemampuan Isolat Rizobakteri sebagai Agens Antagonis Fusarium verticillioides Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Tongkol pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays Linnaeus), secara Invitro: english Martinius, Martinius; yunisman, yunisman; Harpani, Aisyah
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.2.1.43-53.2018

Rhizobacteria is an alternative biocontrol of Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. Nirenberg caused ear rot on maize. The aim of this study was to screen rhizobacteria isolates that had ability as antagonist agent against F. verticillioides in vitro. Rhizobacteria was isolated from rhizosphere of healty maize from two villages of West Pasaman. Twenty six rhizobacteria isolates were obtained, then tested for hypersensitive reaction (HR), pectinase enzyme production, initial inhibitory activity, and hemolytic test. Two selected isolates: RBPas1 10-6 1 and RBPas2 10-5 2 could inhibit the growth of F. verticillioides. The inhibitory activity of both isolates were observed with dual culture method, using complete random design (CRD) with 2 treatments and 5 replications, furthermore physiological characterization was conducted. RBPas1 10-6 1 and RBPas2 10-5 2 isolates had the percentage inhibition of micelial growth: 46.16% and 31.30% respectively. Physiological characterization showed that RBPas1 10-6 1 was gram negative with baciliform cells, produced chitinase enzyme, siderophores and fluorescent. RBPas2 10-5 2 was gram positive with bacilliform cells, did not produce chitinase enzyme, siderophores and fluorescent.

Tingkat Serangan Brontispa Longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomellidae) pada Kelapa (Cocos Nucifera) Varietas Genjah dan Varietas Dalam di Kabupaten Solok: english Simamora, Kiki Fajrina; Yunisman, Yunisman; Winarto, Winarto
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 2 No. 2 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.2.2.72-77.2018

The attack of Brontispa longissima has spread to almost all coconut plantations in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the attack level of B.longissima on dwarf and tall varieties and the number of fruit in Solok Regency. A survey with purposive random sampling was done. The parameters observed were the percentage of plants attacked, the percentage of midribs attacked, and the number of the coconut fruit. The results showed that the highest percentage of coconut attacked by B. longissima occurred on the tall variety (83.34%) in Gunung Talang Subdistrict, the highest percentage of midribs attack occurred on tall variety (12.67%) in X Koto Singkarak Subdistrict. There was a negative close correlation between the percentage of leaves attacked and the number of coconuts.

Bahasa Indonesia: english Ricar, Wahyu; Yunisman, Yunisman; Darnetty, Darnetty
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.4.2.91-98.2020

Controlling Crocidolomia pavonana using an insecticide derived from dishwashing detergents is economical and environmentally friendly. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Insect Bioecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, from November 2019 to March 2020. This study aimed to determine the effect of dishwashing detergent on C. pavonana crop caterpillars. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments and four replications. The treatment given was the application of dishwashing detergent with different concentrations, namely: 0, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%. The results showed that dishwashing detergent could be used as an alternative insecticide in controlling C. pavonana larvae because it can cause death and give antifeedant effect, but it did not reach the stage of inhibiting larval development. The difference in concentration did not affect the difference in larval mortality. Dishwashing detergent provided a relatively weak antifeedant effect. The higher the concentration, the higher the antifeedant effect. The inhibition of larval development occurred fluctuatively without any particular tendency. Keywords: Crop caterpillar, detergent, soap insecticide, sustainable

Potency of Indigenous Epiphytic Yeast to Control Colletotrichum capsici, the Cause of Anthracnose Disease in Red Chili: Potensi Khamir Epifit Indigenus untuk Mengendalikan Colletotrichum capsici, Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa pada Buah Cabai Merah Darnetty, Darnetty; Hermaleni, Utari; Yunisman, Yunisman
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.6.2.55-64.2022

Anthracnose is an important disease in red chili caused by Colletotrichum capsici which can reduce productivity by up to 65%. Controlling using indigenous epiphytic yeasts has never been done. The study aimed to determine the ability of indigenous epiphytic yeast isolates to control C. capsici on red chili. The study was carried out at the Phytopathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, from August 2019 - April 2020 in vitro and in vivo. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of 6 treatments with five different isolates (4 isolates from fruit and one from leaves) and a control. Parameters observed were macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of yeasts, C. capsici colony area, disease incubation period, and anthracnose symptoms. The results showed that the five epiphytic yeast isolates could suppress the growth of C. capsici, inhibit colony expansion between 27.09 – 59.11%, extend the incubation period for one day, and inhibit the expansion of anthracnose symptoms between 52.30 – 62.64%. Epiphytic yeast isolate KB1 derived from fruit has the highest inhibition.

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