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Navigating Against Salafi-Wahabi Expansion in Malaysia: The Role of State and Society Abdullah, Kamarulnizam
Studia Islamika Vol. 29 No. 1 (2022): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36712/sdi.v29i1.25213

Abstract

This article argues that Salafi-Wahhabism’s political ideology has major effects on Malaysia’s socio-political orders. It also argues that the levels of resilience to the Salafi-Wahabi expansion are varied between state and society. At the level of society, resilience is weakened by multiple layers of grievances, which produced various effects brought by stages of reformist movements and terrors of neo-Salafi groups. The crucial indicator is its changing characteristics from being accommodative to a defensive one. The increasing tendency of Muslims embracing Salafi-Wahabism is the result of years of indoctrination, transnational Islamist networking, an external source of religious-funded activities, and the politicization of Islam. Yet this has been outweighed by the state’s resilience. Several attributes could explain the state’s ability to resist internal and external sources of radical ideologies, among others, long experience with terror threats, the state’s defined Islam, strong control on religious affairs, and the law enforcement that existed since the colonial periods.
New model of maritime law enforcement for the empowerment of Indonesian marine agent security Maruf, Irma Rachmawati; Abdullah, Kamarulnizam
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 22 No. 1 (2023): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v22i1.2245

Abstract

Law enforcement is very crucial for Indonesian safety in sea maritime. In many countries, the agency enforces maritime law. Mostly of legal international trade moves by seas and is illegally used by smugglers transporting prohibited substances or illegal migrant workers.   Ships are also vulnerable to violence. Ships are robbed or hijacked, raising concerns that such attacks could finance terrorism or result in seized vessels being used as floating bombs to attack essential ports. The Indonesian Government may also have a strategic policy to prevent such illegal carriage by sea. It must have harmonies of the regulations state competing interest in exploiting and regulating maritime activities. This article will seek agencies to implement law, security, and safety at sea and review marine agencies. The agents are expected to avoid law enforcement in the sea, which is currently ineffective, causing competition between authority institutions or interests, all of which are detrimental to implementing the rule of law itself. In Indonesian shipping law, law enforcement of marine law is not only be handled by one department. Some regulations give different authority to any department to force the direction. So, there is no integration system to move the marine law if the law separates the sectoral approach that caused many law problems; one of them is an overlap in authority which tends to be a conflict of interest among them. Law enforcement at sea has particular characteristics and extraordinary scopes under the applicable legal regime in the sea area
Evaluating The Impact And Legal Framework Of The Cabotage Principle In Coastal State Shipping Abdullah, Kamarulnizam; Rachmawati, Irma; Septianita, Hesti
International Journal of Latin Notary Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Internasional Journal of Latin Notary, March 2024
Publisher : Magister Kenotariatan Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61968/journal.v4i2.78

Abstract

The Cabotage Principle grants coastal states the authority to exclusively regulate domestic shipping within their waters. This principle allows coastal nations to prohibit foreign vessels from navigating and trading along their coastlines without permission and for clear, justified reasons. In Indonesia, foreign vessels are restricted from entering its waters unless expressly authorized. The study aims to evaluate the impact on indigenous and foreign coastal shipping firms and explore how the policy can be leveraged to enhance business opportunities for local ship operators in the coastal shipping sector. Data was collected on the charter fees for numerous regional and foreign cabotage vessels for each year within the scope of this study, assuming comparable charter rates for ships from both groups. The resulting model proposes a legal framework for the cabotage principle that involves key stakeholders, including ports, local governments, legislatures, and academic institutions. The specific goal of this research is to inform policy-making, regional studies, and international law.