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All Journal Psychological Research on Urban Society
Riesthuis, Paul
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Arts Humanities Education Immunology & microbiology Social Sciences

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Differences between Bilinguals and Monolinguals in False Memory Production? A Look into the DRM Paradigm Using Contextual Details Riesthuis, Paul; Otgaar, Henry; Wang, Jianqin
Psychological Research on Urban Society Vol. 2, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This study compared false memory production in Spanish monolinguals and Spanish-Catalan bilinguals. We used an adjusted Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory paradigm and presented the participants with eight Spanish DRM lists containing 12 words each, along with figures and colors to manipulate contextual details. Free recall results showed higher true recall levels in bilinguals than in monolinguals. However, we did not find notable false memory differences between the monolinguals and bilinguals. We found no differences in the amount of contextual details added in the true and false recall, indicating that levels of confidence in memories are similar in the two groups. Implications of the findings are discussed.
From p-Values to Practical Relevance: An Introduction to Effect Sizes Through a Legal Psychological Example Riesthuis, Paul; Otgaar, Henry; Setiawan, Tery; Sumampouw, Nathanael; Bücken, Charlotte
Psychological Research on Urban Society Vol. 8, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Null-hypothesis significance testing and p-values are frequently criticized for their focus on detecting non-zero differences and their inability to provide evidence for the null hypothesis. In this article, we highlight how effect sizes, when meaningfully interpreted, can address these issues. Specifically, we argue that researchers should consider the smallest effect size of interest (SESOI) - the smallest effect size that yields practical or theoretical relevance. We propose several methods for estimating the SESOI and present a consensus study among Indonesian professionals which can be used to estimate the SESOI for child eyewitness testimony research. Results suggest that most Indonesian professionals consider one to two memory errors sufficient to take action, such as deeming testimony unreliable. We then showed how the SESOI, combined with confidence intervals, can be used data and power analyses (e.g., minimum-effect testing, equivalence testing). Finally, we emphasize that the practical relevance of an effect size should be carefully evaluated before making policy recommendations.
Co-Authors Bücken, Charlotte Otgaar, Henry Sumampouw, Nathanael Tery Setiawan Wang, Jianqin