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Rahmayani, Nuzul
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Pengaruh Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia terkait Legalitas Bitcoin sebagai Aset Digital di Indonesia Kurniawan, Ihsan; Rahmayani, Nuzul; Nazar, Jasman
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i1.857

Abstract

This study aims to explain how the legality of bitcoin as a digital asset in Indonesia is viewed from Indonesian positive law and the influence of the MUI fatwa regarding the legality of bitcoin as a digital asset. The problem here is that even though MUI has issued a Fatwa regarding the haram of Bitcoin both as a means of payment and as a digital asset, cryptocurrency transactions are mostly used as speculation which results in elements of gharar and maysir. But until now the use of crypto money has not decreased and even arguably more enthusiasts. From this research, it was found that Bank Indonesia responded that Bitcoin does not have legality as a legal transaction tool in Indonesia and is considered legal if Bitcoin is used as a crypto asset in the commodity futures exchange. Bappebti noted that the total number of crypto investors until the end of August 2022 has amounted to 16.1 million investors, which indicates that the number of crypto investors has increased by around 43.75% in the January-August 2022 period, experiencing a very high increase so that the influence caused by the MUI fatwa regarding the haram of bitcoin as a digital asset is not so significant because the nature of the MUI fatwa is only personal for someone who is Muslim. This research is expected to be a material and reading source for students to increase their knowledge and become a foundation for other researchers in the future.
Studi Komparatif Penanganan Kartel di Indonesia dan Jepang Putri, Vika Rahmadani; Rahmayani, Nuzul
Pagaruyuang Law Journal Volume 9 Nomor 2, Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31869/plj.v9i2.7083

Abstract

Persaingan usaha merupakan suatu proses interaksi antara pelaku bisnis dalam menawarkan produk maupun jasa kepada konsumen di pasar. Tujuan utama dari interaksi ini adalah untuk memperoleh pangsa pasar melalui penyediaan nilai tambah, seperti kualitas produk yang lebih unggul, harga yang kompetitif, ataupun inovasi yang menarik. Persaingan dianggap sehat apabila dijalankan atas dasar prinsip keadilan dan transparansi, serta tidak melibatkan praktik yang melanggar hukum atau merugikan pihak lain. Salah satu bentuk perilaku yang dilarang dalam hukum persaingan usaha adalah kartel, karena selain menyebabkan kerugian finansial, kartel juga menghambat inovasi, efisiensi, dan potensi masuknya pelaku usaha baru. Leniency program merupakan suatu bentuk kebijakan pengampunan yang memberikan insentif kepada pelaku kartel untuk melaporkan keterlibatannya kepada otoritas persaingan, dengan imbalan pengurangan atau penghapusan sanksi hukum. Jepang menjadi salah satu negara yang telah lama mengimplementasikan kebijakan ini. Penelitian ini mengangkat isu perbandingan penanganan kartel antara Indonesia dan Jepang. Penulisan proposal ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual guna menganalisis permasalahan yang diangkat. Pendekatan ini berfokus pada kajian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dan norma hukum yang berlaku.
ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATIC EXECUTION IN BLOCKCHAIN-BASED SMART CONTRACTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT Wahyu Nathasia; Rahmayani, Nuzul
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18491849

Abstract

The principle of freedom of contract, as regulated in Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Indonesian Civil Code, affirms that legally formed agreements bind the parties as law. This principle grants contractual autonomy to determine the formation, parties, and content of agreements, provided they do not violate statutory law, public order, or morality. However, such freedom is limited by the principles of good faith, fairness, proportionality, and the protection of weaker parties.The development of blockchain technology has introduced smart contracts as automatically executed electronic agreements based on pre-programmed code. Legally, smart contracts may be considered valid contracts insofar as they fulfill the requirements of Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code and comply with the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions. Digital consent, such as authorization through a digital wallet, constitutes a legitimate expression of agreement.Smart contracts represent a modern manifestation of freedom of contract by enabling automated performance without third-party intervention, reflecting the prior intention of the parties embedded in blockchain-based code. Their application on platforms such as Stellar Lumens (XLM) demonstrates practical implementation in cryptocurrency transactions. Nevertheless, legal challenges remain, including regulatory gaps, transaction anonymity, technological inequality, and potential imbalances in bargaining power. Therefore, adaptive legal regulation is essential to ensure legal certainty, fairness, and effective legal protection.
Co-Authors Adriaman, Mahlil Andriaman, Mahlil Attahira, Vellangi Dian Pramana dilla, Fadhilla Wulandari Emy Hajar Abra Julisman, Romi Kurnia, Muhamad Rizki Kurniawan, Ihsan Lestiani, Karina Nazar, Jasman Putra, Regina Roidatun Sari Putri, Vika Rahmadani Syuryani, Syuryani Ulya, Rahmatul Wahyu Nathasia