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Comparison of Carbon Trading in Asean Countries: An Explanation From a Policy Perspective Rafiqi, Ilham Dwi; Mentari, Nikmah
Journal of Law and Policy Transformation Vol 9 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Internasional Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/jlpt.v9i1.9044

Along with the threat of the climate crisis, countries in the world are starting to make efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change. This commitment is outlined in the Earth Summit, Kyoto Protocol and even the Paris Agreement. One form of effort is to carry out carbon trading as an economic instrument in controlling climate change. In the course of its implementation, carbon trading can actually give rise to problems of conflict, evictions, violations of human rights, and even an increase in carbon emissions, especially for developing countries as carbon providers/carbon offsets. Thus, an assessment needs to be carried out to find out the source of the problem. This article aims to examine carbon trading policies in ASEAN countries in an effort to find comparisons as well as existing shortcomings or problems. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a comparative approach to examine differences in policies from each country. It is hoped that this article can provide a contribution in the form of an analytical picture and information that can help the government to continue to make improvements through economic instruments to control climate change.

Comparison of Carbon Trading in Asean Countries: An Explanation From a Policy Perspective Rafiqi, Ilham Dwi; Mentari, Nikmah
Journal of Law and Policy Transformation Vol 9 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Internasional Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/jlpt.v9i1.9044

Along with the threat of the climate crisis, countries in the world are starting to make efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change. This commitment is outlined in the Earth Summit, Kyoto Protocol and even the Paris Agreement. One form of effort is to carry out carbon trading as an economic instrument in controlling climate change. In the course of its implementation, carbon trading can actually give rise to problems of conflict, evictions, violations of human rights, and even an increase in carbon emissions, especially for developing countries as carbon providers/carbon offsets. Thus, an assessment needs to be carried out to find out the source of the problem. This article aims to examine carbon trading policies in ASEAN countries in an effort to find comparisons as well as existing shortcomings or problems. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a comparative approach to examine differences in policies from each country. It is hoped that this article can provide a contribution in the form of an analytical picture and information that can help the government to continue to make improvements through economic instruments to control climate change.

Implementasi Pengaturan Perdagangan Karbon Di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Investasi Hijau Dan Konstitusi Ekonomi Mentari, Nikmah; Dwi Rafiqi, Ilham; Zein, Tiara
JATISWARA Vol. 39 No. 3 (2024): Jatiswara
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jtsw.v39i3.710

Jawaban atas permasalahan perubahan iklim ialah melalui komitmen Pemerintah Indonesia dengan ratifikasi“Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengesahan Persetujuan Paris atas Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengenai perubahan Iklim. Komitmen tersebut ditindaklanjti dengan membuat berbagai macam skema dan instrument untuk penanganan perubahan iklim. Salah satu upaya yang digunakan pemerintah adalah melaksanakan perdagangan karbon (carbon trading) sebagai suatu bentuk mekanisme berbasis pasar dalam upaya mitigasi dan adaptasi terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Instrumen perdagangan karbon ini telah diakui dan diatur dalam berbagai macam jenis peraturan perundang-undangan, mulai undang-undangan sampai dengan peraturan kementerian/lembaga. Pengaturan perdanganan karbon masih memiliki celah permasalah karena dalam pelaksanaannya berpotensi besar menimbulkan konflik penggusuran dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia bagi masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal disekitar hutan area perdagangan karbon. Di samping itu, pelaksanaan kegiatan perdanganan karbon melalui bursa karbon belum menjamin prinsip dari investasi hijau. Untuk itu, penelitian ini diadakan bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan perdagangan karbon sekaligus menawarkan kerangka pengaturan perdagangan karbon di Indonesia dalam perspektif investasi hijau dan konstitusi ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yang mengacu pada norma-norma hukum yang terdapat dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan perdagangan karbon di Indonesia. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi secara teoritis untuk pengembangan ilmu hukum dan khususnya kontribusi praktis agar pengaturan dan implementasi perdagangan karbon di Indonesia tidak bertentangan dengan konstitusi negara Indonesi.

Pengembalian Keuntungan Tidak Sah Terhadap Investor Ritel : Keadilan Korektif Melalui Konsep Disgorgement Mentari, Nikmah
JATISWARA Vol. 38 No. 1 (2023): Jatiswara
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jtsw.v38i1.462

Semakin canggih suatu teknologi tidak menafikan adanya pelanggaran maupun kecurangan di pasar modal. Hal ini tentu saja banyak menimbulkan kerugian secara materiil, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi krisis kepercayaan masyarakat dalam berinvestasi di pasar modal. Terlebih, keberadaan UU Pasar Modal yang cukup lama belum memenuhi keadilan bagi investor sebagai salah subyek hukum. Adanya pelanggaran masih berfokus pada pembebanan sanksi bagi pelaku, sedangkan kondisi atau kerugian investor kerap kali diabaikan. Bagi korban kerugian pelanggaran, khususnya investor ritel, yang paling dibutuhkan ialah pengembalian dana yang telah diinvestasikan. Oleh karena itu, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan melalui POJK tentang pengembalian keuntungan tidak sah dan dana kompensasi diharapkan menjadi harapan baru bagi perlindungan investor ritel. Konsep tersebut mengadopsi Securities Exchange Commission Amerika Serikat tentang pembayaran disgorgement. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengembalian keuntungan tidaksah terhadap investor ritel akibat pelanggaran berdasarkan aturan OJK dan dalam perspektif keadilan korektif melalui konsep disgorgement. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normative yuridis. Dalam perkembangannya, disgorgement diharapkan selain memberi perlindungan bagi investor di pasar modal, juga dapat terpenuhinya keadilan korektif bagi perkembangan hukum pasar modal di Indonesia.

Regulatory Framework for Blue Sukuk: Enhancing Blue Economy by Reinforcing Shariah Investment Mentari, Nikmah; Romadoni, Rahayu Mulia
Hang Tuah Law Journal VOLUME 9 ISSUE 1, APRIL 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hang Tuah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30649/htlj.v9i1.280

The emergence of Blue Sukuk presents a strategic opportunity to mobilize capital for sustainable development in Indonesia's blue economy. This research delves into the regulatory framework necessary to support the implementation of Blue Sukuk, a financial instrument rooted in Islamic finance principles and designed to fund projects promoting oceanic sustainability. Indonesia's rich marine biodiversity and extensive coastline underscore the potential of Blue Sukuk to attract diverse investors and strengthen capital markets. Effective regulatory measures are pivotal in ensuring compliance, transparency, and investor confidence. The method of this research is normative-juridical methods. This research is statute and conceptual approach. This paper examines Indonesia-specific regulatory considerations and proposes strategies to optimize the role of Blue Sukuk in fostering economic resilience and environmental stewardship in the archipelago nation. Meanwhile, the Sukuk is based on sustainability development on Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) Regulation’s Number 18 Year 2023. It is a big opportunity for Shariah investment in Indonesia where Islam is the biggest Islamic religion in this country.

Rethinking Blue Carbon: Between Climate Finance and Social Equity in Coastal Communities Mentari, Nikmah; Ilham Dwi Rafiqi; Putu Narayana Mahagotra
Unram Law Review Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Unram Law Review (ULREV)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ulrev.v9i2.447

Blue carbon ecosystems—such as mangroves, seagrasses, and tidal marshes—are increasingly recognized as vital natural carbon sinks in global climate change mitigation efforts. This recognition has triggered a surge in climate finance initiatives targeting coastal areas, promising both ecological restoration and economic benefits. However, the implementation of blue carbon investment schemes often reveals a paradox: while these projects are framed as climate solutions, they frequently marginalize coastal communities, restrict access to traditional resources, and concentrate benefits among powerful stakeholders. This article critically examines the intersection of blue carbon finance and social equity, with a specific focus on legal and policy frameworks in Indonesia, complemented by comparative insights from global practices. Using a normative legal research, the study analyzes the gaps in existing regulatory instruments, the limitations of community participation, and the risks of “carbon colonialism” embedded in current investment models. This article uses a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. This research focuses on blue carbon management as one of the investment products in the carbon exchange with the type of SPE-GRK. It argues that for blue carbon to serve as a tool for climate justice, reforms must ensure fair benefit-sharing, community-driven governance, and legal safeguards that protect the rights of coastal populations. The article concludes by proposing a rights-based and inclusive framework for blue carbon policies that aligns environmental goals with social equity imperatives.

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