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Journal : Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Hybrid optical communications for supporting the Palapa Ring network Ucuk Darusalam; Fitri Yuli Zulkifli; Purnomo Sidi Priambodo; Eko Tjipto Rahardjo
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 3: June 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (973.832 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i3.2008

Abstract

In order to connecting villages in rural area with a city, a hybrid optical communication is proposed. The Optical fiber communications that are implemented as a backbone on the Palapa Ring network has an opportunity to be expanded to reach rural area through the implementation of free-space optical communications (FSO) as the optical relaying networks (ORN). The major problem of FSO as the ORN is turbulence effects induce an optical propagation. In this research, FSO as the ORN implements novel technique to improve the performance of hybrid FSO where the amplification of signal is produced through serial configuration of optical amplifiers in cascaded meanwhile to reduce the noise in the end of receiver, optical band pass filter is implemented. The simulation of hybrid FSO is performed in Optisystem 7.0 where ORN is implemented in two nodes. The length of optical fiber connection to FSO is set to be constant at 75 km. The range of optical propagation in FSO is set at 1–9.4 m. The results of simulation show that at the range of 1–8 Km of optical propagation under atmospheric turbulence, range values for SNR and BER are achieved at 46.23–26.61 dB and 6.7x10-17–1.5x10-6, respectively.
A systematic review of radar technologies for surveillance of foreign object debris detection on airport runway Nugraha, Eka Setia; Apriono, Catur; Zulkifli, Fitri Yuli
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 6: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i6.8040

Abstract

Flights are projected to reach eight billion globally by 2037, demanding airport operators manage operations effectively, including safety on the runway due to the high number of aircraft movements. One crucial issue is any foreign object, commonly known as foreign object debris (FOD), that must be detected and cleaned immediately to ensure aircraft safety when taking off, landing, and taxing. The International Civil Aircraft Organization (ICAO) reported that FOD causes 10.08% of aviation accidents. Most airports manually monitor and detect FOD, which could be more effective and dangerous. Therefore, it is important to provide FOD detection systems with proper technologies. Radar technologies are potential FOD detection techniques that offer robustness to weather fluctuation. However, some factors must be considered properly to provide an effective FOD system. This paper reviews radar technologies for FOD detection on airport runways by considering factors, including types of debris, detection coverage, mode of radars, frequencies, and attenuation. It was found that all critical factors considered contribute to the quality of detection. This paper will provide guidelines for developing FOD detection based on radar technologies regarding airport necessities and its specific environment.
Development of frequency modulated continuous wave radar antenna to detect palm fruit ripeness Rahmawati, Yosy; Rizkinia, Mia; Zulkifli, Fitri Yuli
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i3.8749

Abstract

Oil palm fruits farmers in Indonesia have determined the ripeness of oil palm fruits in the traditional way, namely using human eye visuals, which have the weakness of inconsistent levels of accuracy and are prone to errors. The development of increasingly sophisticated technology will help oil palm fruits farmers recognize the characteristics of fruit maturity. Advanced technology, such as frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, can assist farmers in accurately identifying fruit maturity. To ensure high accuracy and sensitivity, an antenna with low side lobe level (SLL), high gain, and wide bandwidth in the 23-26 GHz range is required. Using CST Microwave Studio 2023, a designed and simulated antenna achieved an SLL of 24 dB, a gain of 15 dBi, and a bandwidth of 2.5 GHz. These results indicate that higher gain enhances energy directionality and overall antenna performance. Additionally, a smaller angular value improves the antenna’s radiation focus, making it more effective for precision sensing in oil palm fruit ripeness detection.