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Comparing horizontal versus vertical arrangement on the ground resistance values Shamsul, Syakir Azim; Muhammad, Usman; Aman, Fazlul; Mohamad Nor, Normiza; Osman, Miszaina
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 6: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i6.7944

Abstract

It is important to compare the horizontal electrodes versus vertical ground electrodes particularly when there is limited area to extend the horizontal ground electrode and hard soil at the deeper soil in order to install the vertical rod electrode. Although all of these can be assessed by computational work, much work has shown that computed resistance values are different than measured resistance values and these computational softwares are not always available to the users. For these reasons, the aim of this paper is to address this shortfall by considering two sites with two-layer soil resistivity model where site 1 with upper layer higher than the lower layer and vice versa for site 2. For the same size of ground electrodes, vertical arrangement is found to have lower ground resistance values, despite higher soil resistivity at the lower layer soil. Soil compaction after backfilling the trench during the installation of horizontal electrode has been identified as the main factor that contributes to differences between the measured and computed resistance values.
Influences of impulse generators on the impulse characteristics of grounding systems Muhammad, Usman; Aman, Fazlul; Mohamad Nor, Normiza; Nadia Ahmad, Nurul; Osman, Miszaina
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i3.8467

Abstract

It is important to ensure the effectiveness of the experimental test set up and to accurately characterize grounding systems under high impulse conditions, the study on the effect of impulse generator is therefore needed. As with other experimental work, the test results may be influenced not only by the characteristics of the test load under study, but also the test arrangement, rating of the impulse generator and transducers. In this work, sources of this overshoot/spike observed in voltage and current traces of 1-rod, 3-rod, and 4-rod electrodes subjected to two impulse current generators of different rating: generating at maximum voltage and current of 100 kV, 1.5 kA, and 300 kV, 10 kA with the same response time of 1.2/50 μs are identified with the aid of simulation work.
Flashover of a polluted high voltage insulator under electric field distribution Abdullah, Zainab; Zainal Abidin, Izham; Osman, Miszaina; Abd. Rahman, Nurulazmi; Shafiq, Muhammad
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1097-1106

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of surface pollution on a single-unit 11 kV glass suspension insulator using two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics. The developed model incorporates the electrical properties of glass, cement, steel electrodes, surrounding air, and a uniform pollution layer, with an applied AC voltage of 11 kV under quasi-static conditions. Simulation results demonstrate pronounced electric field intensification in the polluted configuration, particularly at the air–glass–cap triple junction region, where localized electrical stress is significantly higher compared to the clean condition. While the clean insulator operates within IEC 60383 recommended limits, the polluted model exhibits elevated peak electric field magnitudes, indicating increased flashover vulnerability. The findings highlight the strong influence of surface contamination, material permittivity, and geometric configuration on electric field distribution along the creepage path. This study establishes a reliable and computationally efficient predictive framework for optimizing insulator design, improving maintenance strategies, and enhancing the long-term reliability of high-voltage transmission systems, especially in pollution-prone environments.