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All Journal Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Mohamad Nor, Normiza
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Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Effect of high resistivity soil under high impulse currents Syed Abdullah, Syarifah; Idris, Nur Farahi; Mohamad Nor, Normiza; Ahmad, Nurul Nadia; Mahmud, Azwan
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.7287

Abstract

In this paper, experimental test results of several ground electrodes surrounded with gravelly soil medium subjected to high impulse currents were studied, to investigate the effect of confined soil surround electrodes. Ground resistance measurements were performed at low magnitude of voltage and current, where the results are compared to the impulse characteristics of ground electrodes. This paper shows a significant difference in the RDC values and impulse characteristics of ground electrodes when gravelly soil medium surrounded the ground electrode in comparison to the electrodes installed in natural soil. This indicates that the confined soil around the electrode has a major effect on the performance of ground electrodes, whether at steady state or under high impulse conditions. Equivalent circuit for each tested electrode was developed with personal simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (PSPICE), where the effect of inductance was seen in the electrodes surrounded with gravelly soil.
Evaluation of steady-state ground resistance by field measurement and CDEGS computation Muhammad, Usman; Zaid, Hadee; Ahmad, Nurul Nadia; Mohamad Nor, Normiza; Aman, Fazlul
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 5: October 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i5.7603

Abstract

In addition to the soil resistivity and size of the grounding system, grounding system configuration can influence the steady-state resistance (RDC) of a grounding system. The RDC of four to six configurations in three distinct soil conditions (sites 1 to 3) is measured using the fall-of-potential method and computed using the current distribution, electromagnetic fields, grounding, and soil structure analysis (CDEGS) simulation. The RDC value generally decreases as size increases, i.e., when more rods or tapes are added, except for a little variation subject to the electrode arrangement and soil resistivity. The 3 and 4-parallel configurations perform better on low resistivity soil (site 1), while the grid configurations (2×2- and 3-rod grids) are better on high resistivity soil (site 2). The difference between the measured and computed values at high soil resistivity sites (sites 2 and 3) is large, ranging from 18% to 66% for site 2 and from 35% to 53% for site 3. The difference is lower and more consistent at site 1, where five out of six configurations achieve less than 10%. At all sites, the difference between computed and measured RDCs generally decreases as the area of the electrode increases, except for some cases at site 2.
Influences of impulse generators on the impulse characteristics of grounding systems Muhammad, Usman; Aman, Fazlul; Mohamad Nor, Normiza; Nadia Ahmad, Nurul; Osman, Miszaina
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i3.8467

Abstract

It is important to ensure the effectiveness of the experimental test set up and to accurately characterize grounding systems under high impulse conditions, the study on the effect of impulse generator is therefore needed. As with other experimental work, the test results may be influenced not only by the characteristics of the test load under study, but also the test arrangement, rating of the impulse generator and transducers. In this work, sources of this overshoot/spike observed in voltage and current traces of 1-rod, 3-rod, and 4-rod electrodes subjected to two impulse current generators of different rating: generating at maximum voltage and current of 100 kV, 1.5 kA, and 300 kV, 10 kA with the same response time of 1.2/50 μs are identified with the aid of simulation work.
Co-Authors Ahmad, Nurul Nadia Aman, Fazlul Idris, Nur Farahi Mahmud, Azwan Muhammad, Usman Nadia Ahmad, Nurul Osman, Miszaina Syed Abdullah, Syarifah Zaid, Hadee