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All Journal Techno.Com: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Jurnal Informatika dan Teknik Elektro Terapan Sistemasi: Jurnal Sistem Informasi INTENSIF: Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Penerapan Teknologi Sistem Informasi Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat MEMBANGUN NEGERI Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (JCSE) Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) Journal of Applied Data Sciences JUSTIN (Jurnal Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) Jurnal Lentera Pengabdian
Isnaini, Khairunnisak Nur
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Humanities Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Journal of Applied Data Sciences

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Dynamic IoT–PID Control for Energy-Efficient Water Distribution: EPANET-Based Digital Twin Validation in Varied Geographical Terrains Kusuma, Bagus Adhi; Isnaini, Khairunnisak Nur; Hamdi, Aulia
Journal of Applied Data Sciences Vol 7, No 1: January 2026
Publisher : Bright Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47738/jads.v7i1.1188

Abstract

Topographical heterogeneity in water distribution networks frequently causes pressure imbalance, hydraulic inefficiency, and elevated energy consumption, particularly in regions with significant elevation gradients. This study aims to develop and validate a dynamic Internet of Things (IoT)-based pressure control model within a cyber–physical system framework for energy-efficient water distribution under varied geographical conditions. The primary contribution of this work lies in the separation of strategic and tactical control layers, where a Digital Twin based on EPANET dynamically generates optimal pressure setpoints, while distributed proportional–integral–derivative controllers execute real-time valve regulation at the network edge. The research adopts a Design Science Research methodology to design, implement, and evaluate a four-layer architecture consisting of physical sensing and actuation, long-range communication, tactical control, and strategic simulation layers. Validation is conducted using EPANET-based simulations across three control scenarios: a baseline condition without dynamic control, a static rule-based valve control scenario, and the proposed dynamic IoT–PID control scenario. The experimental procedure involves comparative analysis using control performance metrics including overshoot, settling time, steady-state error, and root mean square error. Simulation results demonstrate that the baseline configuration suffers from severe pressure imbalance and hydraulic backflow, while static rule-based control partially mitigates inefficiencies but fails to adapt to demand variability. In contrast, the proposed dynamic IoT–PID approach achieves precise pressure regulation with overshoot below 2% and tracking error maintained under 0.5 meters across all evaluated scenarios. These findings confirm that integrating a Digital Twin with real-time PID control significantly improves pressure stability and operational efficiency. The proposed architecture offers practical implications for smart water infrastructure in geographically diverse regions, providing a scalable foundation for adaptive pressure management, energy optimization, and future digital-twin-driven water distribution systems.
Co-Authors Afandi, Marcel Arsi, Primandani Aulia Hamdi Didit Suhartono Ikhsan, Ali Nur Imam Tahyudin Jamil, Muhammad Thoriq Khoirunnita, Anisaa Qothrunnada Kusuma, Bagus Adhi Mutiara, Dwi Ayu Primukti, Aditya Pungkas Subarkah Putra, Bernardus Septian Cahya Putri Kartika Sari Saputri, Inka Senduk, Fabianus Kevin Siti Alvi Solikhatin Waluyo, Retno