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All Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR) Makara Journal of Science
Ahmad, Sohail
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Assessment of Depression Among Older Adults Staying in Old Home Care in Klang, Malaysia Qamar, Muhammad; Zahirah, Nurul; Ahmad, Sohail
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Mental disorders such as depression are widespread, often underdiagnosed, and usually inappropriately treated. The early recognition of factors that may promote depression with the help of depression screening aid can help to plan better care for the patient. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the depression prevalence among the older adults staying in old home care, to explore any association and differences of depression across various socio-demographic variables, and to study the predictors of depression among study subjects. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 141 elderly by using the validated tool. The study instrument was divided into two sections: Section I (Socio-demographic data); Section II (M-Geriatric Depression Scale-14). The results showed 44.7% were in the age group of 65-75 years, the majority were Chinese (42.6%), and male (57.4%). Among the subjects, 43.3% had hypertension, followed by 39% of diabetes, and 8.5% were with heart disease, while more than 90% reported not known history of depression. The study revealed that more than 50% of the respondents had depression. Statistically, a significant difference was observed between the depression prevalence with marital status (p=0.021) and a history of heart disease (p= 0.002). On multivariate analysis, heart disease was found to be statistically significant. Depression was prevailing among the older community those who were staying in old home care. Daily evaluation should be done for the older population staying in old home care to attenuate the prevalence of depression. Family and social support were vital to highlight the issue of depression among older adults.
Antibacterial, Hemagglutination, and Insecticidal Activity Studies on the Solvent Extracts of the Roots of Olea ferruginea Yaseen, Muhammad; Kamran, Muhammad; Farid, Arshad; Ismail, Salmah; Muzammal, Muhammad; Amir, Kamal Abdul; Khan, Muhammad Hashim; Ahmad, Sohail; Rashid, Sheikh Abdur
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 26, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Olea ferruginea has been used to treat skin ailments, as well as kidney and ocular problems for a long time. The current study was designed with the aim of investigating and scientifically validating its widespread use. Chloroform, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate were used to assess the antibacterial, hemagglutination, and insecticidal properties of O. ferruginea roots. Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were among the bacterial strains selected for assessing antibacterial activity. The results showed that ethyl-acetate (EtOAc) extract (56%) and chloroform (CHCl3) extract (56%) showed the widest zone of inhibition against K. pneumonia, while n-hexane extract (13.4%) had the lowest zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa. All three extracts remained inactive against M. luteus. During hemagglutination activity, the CHCl3 and EtOAc extracts, when used at different concentrations, only agglutinated the AB−ve and O+ve blood groups, respectively, while the n-hexane extract strongly agglutinated the A−ve and B−ve blood groups at different concentrations. The plant extracts were also checked for insecticidal activity against Rhizopertha dominica. The results also revealed the high mortality rate of CHCl3 extract (70%) against R. dominica as compared to other extracts. The aforesaid activities suggest that the roots of O. ferruginea have excellent medicinal viability and contain a wide variety of agglutinins and lectins, as shown in this study.
Co-Authors Amir, Kamal Abdul Farid, Arshad Kamran, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Hashim Muzammal, Muhammad Qamar, Muhammad Rashid, Sheikh Abdur Salmah Ismail Yaseen, Muhammad Zahirah, Nurul