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ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC BICYCLES AS A VEHICLE IN INDONESIA: A NORMATIVE LEGAL REVIEW Elvira, Febrina Gladys; Damayanti, Sri Sukmana; Theodora, Gavrilla; Nadina, Olga
Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran Vol 20, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin

Abstrak:Dalam perkembangannya terdapat kendaraan berupa sepeda listrik yang notabene memiliki dua sumber energi yaitu energi manusia dan energi listrik. Kendaraan yang memiliki dua sumber energi penggerak ini disebut juga sebagai hybrid vehicle. Di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia terkait dengan hybrid vehicle, yang notabene memiliki dua sumber energi, seperti sepeda listrik yang menggabungkan energi manusia dan listrik tidak terdapat pengaturan. Hal ini menimbulkan problematika terkait dengan legalitas sepeda listrik yang ada di masyarakat. Ketidakjelasan legalitas sepeda listrik ini memiliki problematik hukum yaitu 1) kedudukan hukum sepeda listrik di Indonesia dan 2) akibat hukum sepeda listrik sebagai kendaraan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Berdasarkan penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa sepeda listrik t tergolong sebagai kendaraan tidak bermotor. Hal ini didasarkan pada argumentasi bahwa sumber utama tenaga penggerak sepeda listrik adalah tenaga manusia dan dengan penafsiran ekstensif sepeda listrik merupakan perluasan dari sepeda pada umumnya. Akibat hukum yang muncul ketika sepeda listrik tergolong sebagai kendaraan tidak bermotor, berarti terdapat hak dan kewajiban hukum bagi pengendara sepeda listrik tersebut. Terdapat dua klasifikasi kewajiban bagi pengemudi sepeda listrik, dimana terdapat kewajiban yang hanya bersifat anjuran karena tidak memiliki sanksi ketika tidak dilaksanakan dan kewajiban yang memiliki sanksi ketika tidak dilaksanakan. Adapun hak-hak bagi pengemudi sepeda listrik adalah terdapat fasilitas-fasilitas khusus bagi pengendara sepeda listrikKata Kunci: sepeda listrik, legalitas, kendaraan. Abstract: In its development, there is a vehicle in the form of electric bicycles which incidentally has two sources of energy namely human energy and electrical energy. This vehicle that has two sources of propulsion energy is also called hybrid vehicles. Though, there is not yet an Indonesian regulations related to hybrid vehicles, which has two energy sources, such as electric bicycles that combine human energy and electricity. This raises problems related to the legality of electric bicycles in the society. The unclear legality of electric bicycles has legal problems namely 1) the legal standing of electric bicycles in Indonesia and 2) legal consequences of electric bicycles as vehicles in Indonesia. This research is a normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. Based on this research, it was found that electric bicycles are classified as non-motorized vehicles. This is based on the argument that the main source of electric bicycle driving force is human power and with an extensive interpretation of electric bikes as an extended version ofa bicycle in general. The legal consequences that arise when electric bicycles are classified as non-motorized vehicles are the legal rights and obligations for the electric cyclist. There are two classifications of liabilities for electric bicycle riders, where there are obligations that are in the form of cautionary suggestions because they do not have sanctions or punishment for not implementing the recommendationand ones that have sanctions when not applied. One of the rights received byelectric bicycle drivers are special facilities for electric bicycle ridersKeywords: electric bicycle, legality, vehicle.

PRINSIP KONSISTENITAS PENGENDALIAN MASSA DALAM TRAGEDI STADION KANJURUHAN TAHUN 2022 Chrysdianto, Dimas; Sidarta, Dudik Djaja; Hamdani, Fathul; Damayanti, Sri Sukmana
Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance
Publisher : Gapenas Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53363/bureau.v5i2.719

The Kanjuruhan Stadium tragedy on 1 October 2022 was one of the darkest events in Indonesian sporting history, claiming hundreds of lives. This incident raises serious questions about the consistency of the police's application of crowd control principles as stipulated in Perkap No. 16 of 2006 and its compatibility with Article 359 of the Criminal Code. This study aims to answer two main questions: how did the police handle crowd control during the tragedy, and to what extent did their actions conflict with the national legal framework and human rights principles? This study uses a normative legal approach supported by sociological analysis. Primary data was obtained through interviews with police officers at the Malang Police Station and field observations, while secondary data was collected through a review of legislation, academic literature, and previous research. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively using inductive, deductive, and comparative methods to assess the gap between legal norms and field practices. The results of the study show that police actions were dominated by a repressive approach, particularly the use of tear gas, which triggered mass panic and caused a large number of casualties. These actions were not in line with the principles of proportionality, legality, and accountability as stipulated in Perkap No. 16 of 2006 and contradicted international standards on crowd control. Challenges in coordination among stakeholders, weak risk management, and the absence of emergency medical services further exacerbated the impact of the tragedy. This study concludes that the Kanjuruhan tragedy reflects institutional failure in the implementation of law and human rights protection. These findings imply the need for more humanistic crowd control policy reforms, based on human rights, as well as the integration of risk management in the organisation of public events. Further research is recommended to adopt a multidisciplinary approach encompassing legal, psychological, and crisis management aspects.

ANALISIS YURIDIS PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA PEREDARAN MINUMAN KERAS Al Wafi, Wildan Hazmi; Widodo, Ernu; Damayanti, Sri Sukmana; Aribawa, Muhammad Yustino
Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance
Publisher : Gapenas Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53363/bureau.v5i2.720

Indonesia is a country governed by the rule of law, as stipulated in Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, which is based on law and justice for its citizens. One issue that is of great concern and requires serious attention from the government is the widespread consumption of alcoholic beverages by the general public. The misuse of alcoholic beverages, such as consuming them beyond reasonable limits, can harm oneself and, more broadly, pose problems for society. Essentially, the misuse of alcoholic beverages violates several legal regulations as stipulated in the Civil Code (KUHP), with violations related to alcohol misuse outlined in Articles 536, 537, 538, and 539. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the police in combating the circulation of alcoholic beverages, as well as the obstacles and solutions faced by the police in combating the circulation of alcoholic beverages. The research method used in this study is the normative legal approach, which involves conducting legal research by examining literature or secondary data. The role of the police in the implementation of prevention and combating the misuse of alcoholic beverages. The role of the police in implementing the prevention of the sale and abuse of alcoholic beverages in the community by the Kediri City Police is realised in three types of preventive actions, namely: pre-emptive efforts, preventive efforts, and repressive efforts. Pre-emptive efforts involve community outreach and education. Preventive efforts include surveillance in high-risk areas, raids, patrols, and inspections. Repressive efforts involve arresting offenders and disrupting the distribution channels of alcoholic beverages. The challenges faced include community efforts to protect alcohol sellers, leaks of raid information, and overly lenient legal penalties. Solutions to these challenges include adopting a persuasive approach with the community, holding limited joint meetings, and increasing resources.

ANALISIS YURIDIS TENTANG GUGATAN TIDAK DAPAT DIEKSEKUSI (NON-EXECUTABLE) DALAM PUTUSAN NOMOR : 23/Pdt.GS/2023/PN Idm Jaya, Mardi; Prawesti, Wahyu; Ayuningtiyas, Fitri; Damayanti, Sri Sukmana
Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance
Publisher : Gapenas Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53363/bureau.v5i3.728

Court decisions in civil cases should provide legal certainty and restoration of rights for the winning party. However, in practice, decisions that cannot be enforced (non-executable) are often found, resulting in substantive justice failing to be realised. This phenomenon raises serious questions about the effectiveness of the judicial system, particularly in the context of dispute resolution through simple lawsuit mechanisms. This study stems from the urgency to examine the problem of unenforceable judgments, focusing on Judgment Number 23/Pdt.GS/2023/PN.Idm, in which, although the breach of contract lawsuit was granted, the verdict was not condemnatory, so enforcement could not be carried out. The main objective of this study is to analyse the legal provisions regarding unenforceable lawsuits and assess the extent to which the decision provides legal protection for the plaintiff. The research questions focus on two things, namely how the law regulates non-executable decisions and whether Decision Number 23/Pdt.GS/2023/PN.Idm has fulfilled the principle of legal protection. The research method used a normative legal approach with a case law approach. The primary legal materials were laws and regulations and court decisions, while the secondary legal materials included legal literature and expert opinions. Data was collected through literature study and analysed qualitatively with an emphasis on legal interpretation and systematic logic. The results of the study show that non-executable decisions are generally caused by weaknesses in declarative decisions, ambiguity in the subject matter of the dispute, or the subject matter being tied to a third party. The Indramayu case confirms the gap between formal legality and substantive justice. The conclusion of the study emphasises the need for clear and operational formulation of verdicts, evaluation of simple lawsuit regulations, and an increased role for judges and advocates in ensuring the effectiveness of legal protection. Further research is recommended to examine similar cases across regions to identify national patterns

TINDAK PIDANA PEMELIHARAAN SATWA INVASIF TANPA IZIN PADA KASUS IKAN ALIGATOR (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Malang Nomor 286/Pip.sus/2024/PN.Mlg) Dwi Azizah, Moza Aprilya; Prawesthi, Wahyu; Damayanti, Sri Sukmana; Subekti, Subekti
Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance
Publisher : Gapenas Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53363/bureau.v5i3.729

The phenomenon of keeping invasive species, particularly alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), has become a serious issue in the protection of Indonesia's aquatic ecosystems. The presence of this predatory species not only threatens local biodiversity but also poses ecological risks that are difficult to reverse if released into their natural habitat. The urgency of this research lies in the weak implementation of regulations despite the clear prohibition on keeping these species as pets, as stipulated in Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. 19 of 2020. This study aims to examine how the court interprets the elements of the criminal act of keeping invasive species through a case study of Malang District Court Decision No. 286/Pid.Sus/2024/PN.Mlg, as well as to answer the question of the extent to which the decision reflects the principle of ecological justice. The method used is normative legal research with a conceptual and case approach. Data was collected through a review of court decisions, laws and regulations, and related scientific literature. The analysis was conducted prescriptively to examine the fulfilment of the elements of the offence, the judges' considerations, and the implications of the decision for ecosystem protection. The results of the study show that the panel of judges found all elements of the crime to be proven, including the defendant's intent to keep alligator fish without official permission. The judges applied the principle of strict liability and the principle of precaution, but the sanctions imposed were relatively light compared to the threats in the law. The discussion shows that there is a gap between normative threats and sentencing practices, so that the deterrent effect has not been achieved. These findings also confirm that the anthropocentric paradigm is still dominant in Indonesian environmental law, while ecocentric values have not been fully adopted. The conclusion of this study emphasises the need for legal paradigm reform towards ecological justice, increased consistency in sentencing, and preventive strategies based on education and online trade monitoring. Further research is recommended to explore the consistency of similar verdicts in various regions and to quantify ecological losses

Konsep Escrow Account Peralihan Hak atas Tanah dalam PeraturanPerundang-Undangan: Jaminan Kepastian Hukum bagi Para Pihak Hamdani, Fathul; Damayanti, Sri Sukmana; Prawesthi, Wahyu; Aribawa, Muhammad Yustino; Paramitha, Vallencia Nandya
Jurnal Fundamental Justice Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Universitas Bumigora

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30812/fundamental.v6i2.5423

Perjanjian escrow digunakan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas, efisiensi, keamanan, dan kepercayaan dalam transaksi, khususnya jual beli hak atas tanah atau aset properti. Namun, ketiadaan pengaturan mengenai konsep escrow account dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan peralihan hak atas tanah berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan dan ketidakpastian hukum dalam praktik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan escrow account dalam peralihan jual beli hak atas tanah serta menganalisis konsep dan formulasi yang dapat diterapkan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, kasus, dan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia mekanisme escrow account terkait dengan properti, termasuk jual beli rumah, baru diatur dalam Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 20/8/PBI/2018, dan belum diatur secara spesifik dalam peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai peralihan hak atas tanah. Sementara itu, beberapa negara maju telah lebih dahulu menerapkan escrow account, seperti Inggris dan Amerika Serikat. Dalam hukum Amerika, kontrak escrow merupakan kewajiban tripartit antara deposan, agen escrow, dan penerima. Sedangkan di Inggris, escrow account dipahami sebagai suatu pengaturan hukum yang melibatkan pihak ketiga independen dan netral untuk memegang aset hingga terpenuhinya kewajiban transaksi. Dengan demikian, dalam konteks Indonesia, mekanisme escrow account dalam peralihan hak atas tanah perlu diatur secara jelas agar dapat menjamin kepastian hukum. Escrow account diharapkan mampu bertindak sebagai pihak ketiga yang menjembatani transaksi jual beli tanah, di mana dana pembayaran pembeli ditampung terlebih dahulu hingga seluruh persyaratan terpenuhi, seperti verifikasi dokumen kepemilikan dan proses balik nama sertifikat.

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