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Subsidies and Countervailing Measures: Challenges in International Trade Law Supriyo, Agus; Wicaksana Prakasa, Satria Unggul
Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum Vol 7, No 1 (2021): Februari, Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Singaraja

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jkh.v7i1.31454

In the global era with all demands and expectations for a better economic condition in a country that an international trade is needed. Fair competition can be carried out in competition between business actors and commodity (goods or services) in overseas with business actors and commodity (goods or services) in country. One form of creating justice in international trade competition is by providing subsidies. The issue of subsidies created the problems and disputes. The problem formulations of this research were: (1) how are the effects of subsidies and countervailing in international trade regulations? (2) how is the case analysis related to subsidies and countervailing measures according to the provisions of the GATT 1994, The SCM Agreement and other legal provisions? The results showed that (1) the effect of subsidies and countervailing measures based on their types (red light, yellow light, green light) in international trade regulations had provided clear provisions as well as the impact and limitations in implementing these provisions in accordance with the provisions. GATT 1994 and The SCM Agreement. (2) The several cases described regarding subsidies that were not allowed because they created injustice that the subsidies were only carried out in an emergency situation and their nature rescued them from an economic crisis.

Protecting the Land Tenure Rights of Papuan Indigenous Peoples After New Autonomy Region Wicaksana Prakasa, Satria Unggul; R.S. Rakia, A. Sakti; Wook, Izawati
Indonesia Law Reform Journal Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/ilrej.v3i3.31352

The issues with indigenous peoples are very frequent, the impact of development, investment, and deforestation is accompanied by land conversion activities for oil palm plantations and mining, making the rights of indigenous peoples marginalized. In this context, this study seeks to investigate: (1). What problems are experienced by the Papuan Indigenous Peoples and what protection should be accepted by legal and human rights approaches? (2) What are the challenges of Special Autonomy in Papua following the stipulation of the latest Special Autonomy Law, especially in Southwest Papua, and what kind of projections and challenges are needed to protect the Papuan people at large? This research uses socio-legal methods to identify legal procedures related to socio-cultural and political-economic aspects of the Papuan community. The result of this study shows that several points are specified to protect Indigenous Peoples rights in Papua, especially after Special Autonomy, namely the importance of protecting the human rights of Indigenous Peoples related to the right to self-determination, recognition of adat rights, and basic rights that should have affirmative policies carried out by the state to ensure that Indigenous Peoples can play a major role in protecting the environment and contributing to climate change prevention. Investment or state authority must be limited to protect, promote, and respect Indigenous Peoples in Papua and also Southwest Papuans. Then, with regard to the DOB in Papua, of course, it must be returned to its noble goal of protecting the rights of the Papuan people in realizing welfare and independence. Abuse of various forms of authority, including special autonomy funds in Papua must be condemned and strictly processed. Abstrak Problematika terhadap masyarakat adat sangat sering terjadi, dampak pembangunan, investasi, deforestasi disertai dengan aktivitas alih-fungsi lahan untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit dan pertambangan, menjadikan hak-hak masyarakat hukum adat menjadi tersingkirkan. Pada konteks ini kita perlu mengidentifikasi lebih dalam: (1). Bagaimana problematika yang dialami MHA Papua dan perlindungan yang harusnya diterima pendekatan hukum dan HAM; (2). Bagaimana tantangan Otsus Papua pasca UU Otsus terbaru, khususnya di Papua Barat Daya, proyeksi dan tantangan seperti apa yang dibutuhkan untuk melindungi masyarakat Papua secara luas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sosio-legal untuk mengidentifikasi prosedur hukum serta lebih dari itu berkaitan dengan aspek sosio-kultur, dan politik-ekonomi masyarakat Papua. Hasil penelitian ini adalahsetidaknya ada beberapa point untuk melindungi hak MHA di Papua khususnya pasca Otsus, yaitu pentingnya melidungi hak asasi dari MHA, berkaitan dengan hak menentukan nasibnya sendiri, pengakuan terhadap hak ulayat, serta hak-hak dasar yang harusnya ada kebijakan afirmatif yang dilakukan oleh negara untuk meastikan bahwa MHA dapat menjalankan peran besarnya dalam melindungi lingkungan hidup serta berkontribusi terhadap pencegahan perubahan iklim. Atas nama investasi atau otoritas negara yang berlebih, harus dibatasi dalam rangka perlindungan, pemajuan, dan penghormatan terhadap MHA, khususnya MHA di Papua. Kemudian, berkaitan dengan DOB di Papua termasuk di Papua Barat Daya, tentu harus dikembalikan kepada tujuan mulianya untuk melindungi hak masyarakat Papua dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan dan kemandirian.

Paradigm of Law and Human Rights as a Protection of Academic Freedom in Indonesia Wicaksana Prakasa, Satria Unggul
Human Rights in the Global South (HRGS) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Serikat Pengajar Hak Asasi Manusia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56784/hrgs.v2i1.41

Various attacks on academic freedom in Indonesia are like an iceberg phenomenon. The conditions are very worrying but not surprising, considering that repressive practices in the academic world are common in Indonesia. How is the legal mechanism of human rights and theoretical views responding to the threats to academic freedom in Indonesia. This research uses socio-legal study methods to regarding academic freedom in Indonesia and the patterns that follow. The purpose of this research is to rehabilitate and recover victims of terror and threats to academic freedom and ensure that similar cases are not repeated. Various models of threats and attacks on academic freedom, such as: the use of the judiciary to repress academics, banning and followed by sweeping of left books, prohibition or sanctions on teaching methods, forced dissolution of scientific discussions/forums both by campuses and by law enforcement officials and even groups of thugs, Stigmatization which was followed by violence against lecturers and students, as well as threats of violence and terror and even followed by attempts of persecution became a very worrying problem in the situation of academic freedom in Indonesia. Equally important, there is a need for a human rights legal system related to academic freedom that is institutionalized, strong, and binding so that it becomes a code of conduct for exercising academic freedom in Indonesia.

Pendampingan Hukum UMKM Berbasis E-Commerce di Desa Jarak, Kec.Wonosalam, Jombang Wicaksana Prakasa, Satria Unggul; Supriyono, Agus
Humanism : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol 1 No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/hm.v1i1.4543

Tumbuhnya industri Usaha Menengah, Kecil, Mikro/UMKM serta kesadaran masyarakat untuk menggerakkan perdagangan berbasis digital (e-commerce) menjadi kunci perekonomian Indonesia stabil. Metode pendampingan hukum UMKM berbasis e-commerce dilakukan dengan kegiatan pelatihan, sosialisasi, dan workshop dengan melibatkan beberapa pihak terkait, seperti perangkat desa, dan asosiasi petani dan peternak sekitar yang mulai dilakukan antara 26 Juli â€“ 26 Agustus 2019, bertempat di Desa Jarak, Kecamatan Wonosalam, Kab. Jombang. Fokus kegiatan pendampingan hukum UMKM berbasis e-commerce adalah bagaimana meningkatkan upaya kesadaran warga Desa Jarak, Kec.Wonosalam, Kab.Jombang untuk memperhatikan aspek legalitas perizinan usaha yang dijalankan, seraya melakukan berbagai macam pengolahan berbagai macam produk olahan yang berasal dari sektor perkebunan dan peternakan, yang dalam hal ini fokus pada produk olahan susu.Komoditas susu sebelumnya tidak memiliki nilai ekonomi, namun dengan diversifikasi olahan susu mampu menjadi nilai tambah bagi UMKM. Selain itu, pemanfaatan potensi alam juga menjadi nilai tersendiri bagi masyarakat Desa Jarak, Kec.Wonosalam, Kab. Jombang untuk menawarkanÂ jasa edu-wisata alam milky village, yang semuanya bergantung pada pemanfaatan maksimal e-commerce dengan pendekatan partisipatoris masyarakat. Kesimpulan dari pendampingan hukum UMKM Berbasis E-commerce adalah Perlu kesadaran kolektif bagi Masyarakat Desa Jarak, Kec.Wonosalam, Kab.Jombang melalui usaha partisipatif antara kelompok usaha masyarakat, ibu rumah tangga, serta karang taruna, dan entitas sosial lainnya untuk menjadikan proses perizinan hukum beserta dokumen-dokumen kelengkapannya dapat dipenuhi, sehingga kepastian hukum dan jaminan bagi konsumen maupun wisatawan dapat terjaga dengan baik. Selain itu, perlu dorongan Pemerintah dan instansi vertikal desa wisata dan geliat UMKM yang semakin tumbuh melalui pemanfaatan e-commerce dengan menggandeng kelompok masyarakat dan perguruan tinggi. Agar, diversifikasi olahan tersebut dapat menambah fnilai komoditas barang dan jasa (wisata) yang ditawarkan, dan mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi warga berbasis partisipatoris.Kata Kunci: Pendampingan Hukum, UMKM, e-commerce

Reconceptualizing Corruption as an International Crime: A Review of International Law Wicaksana Prakasa, Satria Unggul
Lampung Journal of International Law Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v6i2.3363

The discourse surrounding corruption as an international crime is increasingly urgent, as it transcends national borders and contributes to economic crises, conflicts, and various crimes that threaten global security. Scholars such as Christensen (2017), Peters (2018), Davis (2018), and Rothe (2010) have linked corruption to human rights violations, revealing that states often struggle to address it effectively. This research seeks to explore how corruption can be redefined as an international crime and what legal accountability mechanisms exist for perpetrators within international law, while also examining the opportunities for the international community to recognize corruption as an international crime. The findings suggest that corruption crimes impacting security, human rights, and environmental integrity, particularly in contexts where states are unable or unwilling to act, should be classified as international crimes, necessitating a global commitment to amend the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) accordingly. Furthermore, the potential for universal jurisdiction over corruption is explored, whether through amending the 1998 Rome Statute or establishing an ad hoc international tribunal, although significant obstacles remain due to states’ commitments to their sovereignty and criminal jurisdiction.

Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Eradication of Corruption Criminal Acts in Indonesia Harris, Nadief Rahman; Wicaksana Prakasa, Satria Unggul
Academos Vol 1 No 1 (2022): ACADEMOS Jurnal Hukum dan Tatanan Sosial
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyaha Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/aca.v1i1.13958

Countries in the world are currently moving towards Â to the development of sophisticated intelligent automated systems including the State of Indonesia where this system is able to achieve digital transformation which is considered as one of the most important pillars of modern economic growth. Â With the PBB's call to implement the 2030 sustainable development plan, right in the context of this transformation, countries including Indonesia are trying to utilize modern technology in combating many issues that haunt society, namely corruption. The researcher will answer the questions (1) The legitimacy of the use of AI by the KPK in the Eradication of Corruption in Indonesia (2) The ideal legal mechanism to accommodate the use of artificial intelligence technology in eradicating corruption in Indonesia. This research uses a sociolegal approach. The results in this study indicate that in the legitimacy of the KPK in eradicating corruption criminal acts by using artificial intelligence products for eradicating corruption criminal acts, there are several articles that can be reviewed that the importance of the KPK is to use technology products in eradicating corruption criminal acts and the use of technology in handling evidence collection. and strengthen the evidence that states the existence of Â corruption acts

Accountability of Military Members as Perpetrators of Corruption in Defense Equipment Procurement Rahayu, Dewi; Wicaksana Prakasa, Satria Unggul
Academos Vol 1 No 1 (2022): ACADEMOS Jurnal Hukum dan Tatanan Sosial
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyaha Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/aca.v1i1.14016

Corruption courts are the only judiciary that takes sides in examining, adjudicating, and deciding corruption cases in Indonesia. However, in fact, in handling cases of corruption crimes committed by members of the military, those who have the right to prosecute are military officials and those who can carry out investigations are prosecutors in the military environment. Therefore, this study aims to find out how the role of the Military Court in handling corruption cases in the defense equipment procurement sector. The legal question posed is ; 1.) What is the Criminal Liability of Military Members Who Commit Corruption In The Procurement of Defense Equipment?, and 2.) What are the legal mechanisms that can be carried out in the enforcement of corruption in the procurement of defense equipment? This research uses socio-legal methods. The results of this study argue that 1.) Legal liability for members of the military who commit criminal acts remains in the race against Law No. 31 of 1997 as amended by Law No. 20 of 2001. 2.) There needs to be transparency from defense equipment procurement data so that it can facilitate monitoring or supervision related to goods and services.

Pengembangan Produk Inovasi BIMA Tuktuk bagi Mahasiswa Disabilitas di UMSurabaya Wicaksana Prakasa, Satria Unggul; Rohmayani, Vella; Hakim, Lukman; Setiyawan, Radius
Aksiologiya: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 7 No 1 (2023): Februari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/aks.v7i1.15374

UMSurabaya juga telah banyak menghasilkan produk inovasi alat bantu disabilitas karya mahasiswa dan dosen sebagai bentuk kepedulian kepada mereka. Produk inovasi alat bantu disabilitas terbaru yang dibuat UMSurabaya berupa BIMA Tuktuk (Inovasi Kursi Roda dengan Kendali Ketukan untuk Mahasiswa Tuna Daksa berbasis Android). Adapun tujuan pembuatan produk ini adalah untuk memberikan kemudahan akses mobilitas yang menunjang penyandang difabel menuju ke ruang pembelajan, meningkatkan efektifitas penggunaan BIMA Tuktuk karena dapat beroprasi secara otomatis, serta meningkatkan partisipasi para mahasiswa disabilitas atas peningkatan fasilitas yang mereka butuhkan. Produk BIMA Tuktuk ini dibuat menggunakan model inovasi yang dilengkapi dengan sejumlah fitur kenyamanan disabilitas dengan adanya sensor presisi tinggi pada bodi, kamera pengenal gambar, dan teknologi AI (Artificial Intelligence), yang memungkinkan BIMA Tuktuk ini beroperasi tanpa memerlukan kendali manusia. Pengembangan produk BIMA Tuktuk diperuntukkan untuk kelas yang menerima mahasiswa disabilitas. Pembuatan produk inovasi ini sebagai bukti bahwa UMSurabaya dapat menjadi contoh kampus inklusif, baik dalam artian kepedulian dan kebijakan, namun juga dalam rangka pengembangan model inovasi yang tepat guna. Harapannya produk inovasi BIMA Tuktuk mampu memberikan kemudahan akses mobilitas menuju ruang pembelajaran, sehingga mereka siap mengikuti pembelajaran secara optimal.

Subsidies and Countervailing Measures: Challenges in International Trade Law Supriyo, Agus; Wicaksana Prakasa, Satria Unggul
Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum Vol 7 No 1 (2021): Februari, Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Singaraja

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jkh.v7i1.31454

In the global era with all demands and expectations for a better economic condition in a country that an international trade is needed. Fair competition can be carried out in competition between business actors and commodity (goods or services) in overseas with business actors and commodity (goods or services) in country. One form of creating justice in international trade competition is by providing subsidies. The issue of subsidies created the problems and disputes. The problem formulations of this research were: (1) how are the effects of subsidies and countervailing in international trade regulations? (2) how is the case analysis related to subsidies and countervailing measures according to the provisions of the GATT 1994, The SCM Agreement and other legal provisions? The results showed that (1) the effect of subsidies and countervailing measures based on their types (red light, yellow light, green light) in international trade regulations had provided clear provisions as well as the impact and limitations in implementing these provisions in accordance with the provisions. GATT 1994 and The SCM Agreement. (2) The several cases described regarding subsidies that were not allowed because they created injustice that the subsidies were only carried out in an emergency situation and their nature rescued them from an economic crisis.

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