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All Journal Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi Jurnal Impresi Indonesia Jurnal Sosial dan Sains Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains HUMANITIS : Jurnal Humaniora, Sosial dan Bisnis
Saroso, Budi
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Cyber War and Civil Protection in the Perspective of International Humanitarian Law: Legal Challenges and Innovations in the Digital Age Cahyanto, Taufik Nur; Nurtono, Adietya Yuni; Susilo, Tarsisius; Marpaung, Budiman; Saroso, Budi
Jurnal Impresi Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 5 (2025): Indonesian Impression Journal (JII)
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/jii.v4i5.6442

Abstract

Cyber warfare is a form of warfare that is explicitly unmanageable by existing international law. While most experts agree that legal restrictions should apply to this phenomenon. Cyber warfare has also presented unprecedented new challenges to the application of International Humanitarian Law (IH), particularly in terms of the protection of civilians. As digital infrastructure becomes an essential part of civilian life and military operations, the basic principles of HHI such as distinctiveness, proportionality, and prudence face significant obstacles in cyberspace. This article analyzes a variety of emerging legal ambiguities, including attribution issues, dual-use infrastructure, and non-physical impacts on civilians. In addition, this article explores legal innovations such as the reinterpretation of existing principles, the role of the Tallinn Manual, as well as the possibility of developing new legal instruments that are more adaptive to digital reality. The study concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen civil protection and enrich the cyber law architecture through multilateral cooperation and the development of new legal norms.
Kajian Hukum Humaniter Internasional Mengenai Perang Siber Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Serangan Infrastruktur Kritis Imasfy, M.; Alif, Akhmad; Susilo, Tarsisius; Marpaung, Budiman; Saroso, Budi
Jurnal sosial dan sains Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): Jurnal Sosial dan Sains
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/jurnalsosains.v5i5.32190

Abstract

Kerentanan infrastruktur kritis terhadap serangan siber yang dampaknya setara dengan perang kinetik mengekspos kesenjangan regulasi dalam HHI, terutama terkait ketidakpastian penerapan prinsip pembedaan, proporsionalitas, dan kehati-hatian. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kebutuhan standar hukum baru untuk melindungi warga sipil dan infrastruktur vital di ranah digital melalui analisis tantangan penerapan HHI dalam konteks siber. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi dokumentasi terhadap instrumen HHI (Konvensi Jenewa 1949, Protokol Tambahan I), doktrin hukum, dan kasus serangan siber (misalnya Stuxnet). Prinsip HHI dapat diterapkan pada serangan siber, tetapi terhambat oleh sifat dual-use infrastruktur, efek berantai yang tak terprediksi, anonimitas pelaku, dan ambigu definisi "serangan" non-fisik. Diperlukan pengembangan kriteria objek siber, alat pemodelan dampak, peningkatan atribusi pelaku, dan kolaborasi global untuk memastikan HHI tetap relevan di era digital.
ALI KHAMENEI DAN KETAHANAN IDEOLOGIS IRAN: KEPEMIMPINAN SPIRITUAL-MILITER DALAM MENGELOLA SUMBER DAYA UNTUK RESISTENSI NASIONAL Sitompul, Ely Asyer; Ibrohim, Nur Rochmad; Susilo, Tarsisius; Saroso, Budi; Limbong, Beny Leonard
HUMANITIS: Jurnal Homaniora, Sosial dan Bisnis Vol. 3 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : ADISAM PUBLISHER

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Abstract

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, as Iran’s Supreme Leader, combines spiritual authority with military influence in his leadership. Under Khamenei, Iran faces severe international sanctions and global pressure, yet has endured through strong ideological resilience. This paper analyzes how integrating ideology (values of the Islamic Revolution and Shi’ism) with Iran’s self-reliant defense strategies (such as the resistance economy and domestic military development) has been key to national resistance. Khamenei launched the “Resistance Economy” concept emphasizing self-sufficiency and diversification  for example, achieving fuel independence by building domestic refineries, bolstering food security, and developing defense technology (local drones and ballistic missiles) Khamenei’s spiritual-military leadership –legitimized by the principle of Wilayat al-Faqih  enables him to guide the people ideologically while also controlling military strategy, as seen when he issued a fatwa banning nuclear weapons yet still pushed for strengthened civilian nuclear capacity. In comparison, Indonesia’s defense is guided by the Pancasila ideology and the 1945 patriotic values. This study compares Iran’s principle of ideological resilience with that of Indonesia, which, although different (theocracy vs. Pancasila), both emphasize ideological strength in defense. The findings indicate that a strong state ideology can foster national solidarity against threats, with the caveat that differing contexts require strategic adaptation. Implication: Indonesia can learn from Iran the importance of ideological resilience, but apply it according to Pancasila values  making Indonesia’s defense resolute in protecting sovereignty while remaining humane.
Terorisme dan Keamanan Global: Perspektif Singkat Hukum Humaniter Budi, Suntara Wisnu; Amzidil, Lek; Susilo, Tarsisius; Marpaung, Budiman; Saroso, Budi
Jurnal Sosial Teknologi Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi
Publisher : CV. Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/jurnalsostech.v5i5.32127

Abstract

Artikel ini membahas terorisme sebagai ancaman multidimensi terhadap perdamaian global yang memerlukan penanganan tidak hanya melalui pendekatan militer, tetapi juga dengan prinsip-prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional (HHI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran HHI dalam membentuk strategi kontra-terorisme yang efektif, manusiawi, dan berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif melalui analisis literatur dan dokumen hukum internasional yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan kontra-terorisme yang mengabaikan prinsip pembedaan, proporsionalitas, dan perlindungan terhadap non-kombatan justru memperkuat narasi kelompok teroris dan meningkatkan risiko radikalisasi. Sebaliknya, pendekatan yang mengintegrasikan HHI, seperti penggunaan intelijen yang akurat, proses hukum yang adil, serta program deradikalisasi berbasis komunitas, terbukti mampu memutus siklus kekerasan dengan cara yang lebih manusiawi. Implikasi penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya kolaborasi internasional yang menghormati prinsip kemanusiaan sebagai pondasi dalam menghadapi terorisme secara jangka panjang. Dalam konteks global yang penuh ketegangan, HHI berperan sebagai pilar etika yang menjaga martabat manusia, bahkan dalam situasi konflik bersenjata.
Russia’s Energy Sovereignty: Vladimir Putin’s Leadership Autarky and its Relevance to Indonesia’s National Defense Hermawan, Dadang; Pinandito, Prasetyo; Susilo, Tarsisius; Saroso, Budi; Limbong , Benny Leonardo
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains Vol. 6 No. 10 (2025): Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains
Publisher : CV. Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v6i10.2045

Abstract

Russia's energy sovereignty under Vladimir Putin demonstrates how strategic resource control can serve as both a foundation for national defense and a tool for geopolitical influence. This study examines Putin's autarky leadership model—characterized by centralized energy governance, economic nationalism, and the integration of energy policy with military strategy and explores its relevance to Indonesia's defense modernization toward Golden Indonesia 2045. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with library research methodology, this study analyzes secondary data from government documents, defense white papers, and academic literature published between 2015-2025. The analysis reveals that Putin's leadership consolidates energy (oil and natural gas) as a dual instrument: funding defense modernization and enabling coercive diplomacy, particularly through pipeline projects like Nord Stream. This approach combines classical realism with economic nationalism to reduce external dependency and maintain strategic autonomy. For Indonesia, the study identifies critical lessons: the necessity of integrating energy independence with defense doctrine, developing a resource-based defense industry, and establishing ethical leadership frameworks rooted in Pancasila values. Key recommendations include: strengthening national energy policy as a defense asset, promoting local content in defense technology, designing an adaptive defense doctrine based on natural resource sovereignty, and building energy diplomacy to enhance Indo-Pacific stability. Unlike Russia's centralized autarky, Indonesia's model should emphasize collaborative sovereignty balancing national independence with democratic accountability, environmental sustainability, and social justice. This research contributes to strategic leadership literature by connecting energy geopolitics with defense philosophy in an ASEAN context.
Co-Authors Alif, Akhmad Amzidil, Lek Budi, Suntara Wisnu Dadang Hermawan Ibrohim, Nur Rochmad Imasfy, M. Limbong , Benny Leonardo Limbong, Beny Leonard Marpaung, Budiman Nurtono, Adietya Yuni Pinandito, Prasetyo Sitompul, Ely Asyer Susilo, Tarsisius Taufik Nur Cahyanto, Taufik Nur