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All Journal Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Kusuma, Baskara Wiku Adi
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics

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Potential of Red Okra Extract (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) to Restore Kidney Damage due to Sodium Nitrite Wahyuningsih, Sri Puji Astuti; Fachrisa, Amalia; Nisa’, Nabilatun; Kusuma, Baskara Wiku Adi; Shoukat, Nadia; Ahmar, Rasyidah Fauzia; Alifiyah, Na'ilah Insani
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 13, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i1.28141

Abstract

Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) found in vegetables, drinking water, and cured meats, can damage tissue because it is an oxidant. Plant phytochemicals such as quercetin are antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the potential of red okra pods ethanol extract (ROE) to repair kidney damage in mice (Mus musculus) induced by NaNO2. The red okra pods were extracted three times with saturated ethanol. The experiment used 36 male BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks and body weight of about 28 g. There are six research groups, namely, normal control, negative control (exposure to NaNO2 50 mg/kg BW), treatment of exposure to NaNO2 and administration of ROE at doses of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg BW. Sodium nitrite and ROE were given daily for 23 days by gavage. On day 24, the serum was isolated. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre) levels are measured to assess kidney function, as well as measuring the oxidant malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antioxidant enzyme of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The kidneys were made histological preparations and analyzed on the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).  All data were statistically analyzed (α=0.05). This study indicated that the administration of ROE at a 100 mg/kg BW dose is the most optimal in repairing damage to the PCT with increased normal cells and reduced necrosis. Besides, it degraded BUN, Cre, and MDA levels in the serum of mice exposed to NaNO2 compared to the other treatments. All doses of ROE promoted the SOD level. ROE restore kidney tissue, especially on PCT to normal. Kidney damage due to exposure to NaNO2 preservatives can be reduced by administering ROE. ROE prevents kidney damage through an increase in antioxidant enzymes. ROE can be used as a food ingredient as a source of antioxidants, thereby reducing the impact of oxidant compounds.
Antioxidant and Anticancer Effects of Red Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Ethanol Extract through In Vitro and In Vivo Colorectal Cancer Models Wahyuningsih, Sri Puji Astuti; Mamuaya, Brigita Klara Krisdina; Dewi, Firli Rahmah Primula; Hapsari, Lukiteswari Dyah Tri; Kusuma, Baskara Wiku Adi; Nurhayati, Awik Puji Dyah
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Articles in Press
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.367

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Affordable herbal sources such as red okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) pods have gained attention as potential alternative therapies for CRC. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer effects of red okra ethanol extract (ROE) using both in vitro and in vivo colorectal cancer models. The antioxidant activity of ROE was assessed using the DPPH assay, while cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the MTT assay on SW480 and HCT116 cell lines. An in vivo study was conducted using rats divided into six groups: normal control, negative control (MNU 10 mg/kg BW), positive control (MNU + methotrexate 0.08 mg/kg BW), and treatment groups receiving MNU combined with ROE at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW for 28 days. Serum levels of Bcl-2, COX-2, VEGF, and MMP-9 were analyzed, and histopathological evaluations of colon tissues were performed. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test. Statistical significance was determined at p<0.05. ROE exhibited potent antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 59.66 ppm) and induced cytotoxic effects by reducing SW480 cell growth and inhibiting HCT116 cell proliferation. Moreover, ROE significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2, COX-2, VEGF, and MMP-9. These biomarkers are associated with apoptosis inhibition, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis, respectively. Histopathological analysis confirming reduced inflammatory infiltration and suppression of colon carcinogenesis. The optimal in vivo dose was 50 mg/kg BW. These findings support the development of ROE as a promising natural agent for colorectal cancer prevention and therapy.
Co-Authors Ahmar, Rasyidah Fauzia Alifiyah, Na'ilah Insani Awik Puji Dyah Nurhayati Fachrisa, Amalia Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi Hapsari, Lukiteswari Dyah Tri Mamuaya, Brigita Klara Krisdina Nisa’, Nabilatun Shoukat, Nadia Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih, Sri Puji Astuti