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Journal : Journal of Earth Energy Science, Engineering, and Technology

Evaluation of Indonesia's Upstream Oil and Gas Fiscal Terms in Comparison to Malaysia's Enhanced Profitability Terms (EPT)Case Study of Block X Exploration Field Halim, Yosep; Rakhmanto, Pri Agung; Mardiana, Dwi Atty; Irawan, Sonny; Lalaina, Ramefivololona Hanitra; Aimé, Rajomalahy Julien; Fifaliana, Razakamampianina Valisoa; Harifenitra, Ravololoarimanana
Journal of Earth Energy Science, Engineering, and Technology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): JEESET VOL. 8 NO. 1 2025
Publisher : Penerbitan Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/hsn4wb37

Abstract

Oil and gas sector is one of the main drivers of Indonesia's economy. Thus, it is important to ensure the attractiveness of Indonesia's Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) fiscal terms for investment, especially in comparison with neighboring countries. In 2021, Malaysia introduced the Enhanced Profitability Terms (EPT) PSC, which is considered to provide a better and more reasonable return for oil and gas contractors. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the attractiveness of the Cost Recovery and Gross Split fiscal terms in Indonesia with the EPT fiscal terms in Malaysia, based on economic indicators, including their sensitivity. This study uses a quantitative approach by calculating the economic viability of fields (NPV, IRR, POT), their sensitivity, the range of %CT and %GT, and the profitability characteristics of an exploration block field (Block X). From the evaluation and comparison conducted (specific to the assumed case), it was concluded that the Indonesian Gross Split PSC and the Malaysian EPT PSC have improved economic indicators compared to the Indonesian Cost Recovery PSC. Therefore, the Indonesian Gross Split PSC and the Malaysian EPT PSC generally have better economic indicators, including sensitivity to changes in oil prices, operating costs, and production levels, compared to the Indonesian Cost Recovery PSC. To obtain a more complete picture and enrich the evaluation of these fiscal terms, further analysis can be conducted by considering business risks of contractors, simulations with the application of incentives, and other factors that can affect investment decisions.
Modeling and Prediction of Kappaphycus alvarezii Viscosity Using Artificial Neural Network and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Fathaddin, Muhammad Taufiq; Ridaliani, Onnie; Rakhmanto, Pri Agung; Mardiana, Dwi Atty; Septianingrum, Wydhea Ayu; Irawan, Sonny; Abdillah, Ridho
Journal of Earth Energy Science, Engineering, and Technology Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): JEESET VOL. 8 NO. 3 2025
Publisher : Penerbitan Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/fh90e382

Abstract

This study examines the viscosity behavior of Kappaphycus alvarezii polymer solutions enhanced with TiO2 nanoparticles under varying concentrations, salinity, and temperature. Predictive models were developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) approaches. The experimental work involved preparing Kappaphycus alvarezii solutions with polymer concentrations ranging from 2,000 to 6,000 ppm and TiO2 nanoparticle concentrations from 2,000 to 4,000 ppm at salinities of 6,000–30,000 ppm and temperatures between 30 °C and 80 °C. Results showed that increasing Kappaphycus alvarezii concentration enhanced viscosity by 1.04–21.12%, while TiO2 nanoparticles improved viscosity stability, especially under high-salinity conditions. In contrast, higher salinity and temperature reduced viscosity due to ionic screening and increased molecular motion, although a slight rise was observed at 30,000 ppm salinity. The optimized ANN model (18 neurons, one hidden layer) achieved a superior correlation coefficient (r = 0.9980) compared to ANFIS (r = 0.8769), confirming higher predictive accuracy. These findings demonstrate the potential of Kappaphycus alvarezii–TiO2 nanofluids as sustainable viscosity modifiers for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and verify the reliability of ANN and ANFIS models in predicting viscosity under complex multivariable interactions.