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All Journal JOURNAL SPORT AREA ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation Musamus Journal of Physical Education and Sport (MJPES) Edu Sportivo: Indonesian Journal of Physical Education Indonesian Journal of Sport Management Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science Journal RESPECS (Research Physical Education and Sports) Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research ABDI UNISAP: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (JPESS)
Firmana, Iif
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Arts Humanities Automotive Engineering Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Development and evaluation of the CoBo application: enhance confidence and social skills through physical education for bullying victims Firmana, Iif; Wahidi, Ribut; Sofyan, Davi
Edu Sportivo: Indonesian Journal of Physical Education Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): Edu Sportivo: Indonesian Journal of Physical Education
Publisher : UIR Press Bekerjasama dengan International Association of Physical Education and Sports

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/esijope.2025.vol6(3).20361

Abstract

Background: Bullying remains a persistent issue in physical education (PE), often leading to decreased student participation, low self-confidence, and poor social interaction. While several anti-bullying interventions exist, few are tailored specifically to the PE context or leverage technology to promote engagement and resilience. This gap underscores the need for innovative, context-specific tools such as the CoBo application. Objectives: This study explores the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of the CoBo application—an interactive educational tool aimed at enhancing confidence, social skills, and participation in physical activities among primary school pupils. Methods: A research and development (R&D) approach was adopted, beginning with a needs analysis through interviews with PE teachers, students, and bullying victims. Finding/Results: Findings revealed a strong need for an engaging, supportive digital resource to help students cope with bullying and re-engage in PE. In response, CoBo was developed with modules targeting self-confidence, social competence, anti-bullying strategies, physical activities, and motivation. Prototype and pilot testing involving bullied students demonstrated improved self-efficacy, socialization, and PE participation. Conclusion: CoBo offers a promising technology-based solution for addressing bullying in PE settings. Future research should expand testing across diverse school populations to assess broader applicability and long-term impact.
Co-Authors Abhyasa, Muhamad Fikri Agustan, Boby Davi Sofyan Feriska, Debby Fitri Awaliyah Herman Subarjah Mahendra, Agus Nurdiansyah, Dani Nuryadi Nuryadi Prasetyo, Dery Rahman, Ramdhani Rama, Ramanda Aditya ramirez, ramirez Ribut Wahidi Rivaldy, Rivaldy Sulistianingsih, Diah Ayu