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Gusnedi, -
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Effect of Variation in Tapioca Adhesive Composition on Quality of Coconut Pulp Charcoal Bio-Broquette Hrp, Abdul Maulub; Darvina, Yenni; Gusnedi, -
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 17, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/15154171074

Abstract

Energy needs and consumption are still increasing, while energy sources continue to decrease due to their non-renewable nature. Renewable energy sources are needed as a substitute for alternative energy that is renewable, cheap, and environmentally friendly. Making bio-broquettes from coconut pulp charcoal is one of the studies that need to be studied and developed at this time. The abundance of coconut pulp waste is still not optimally utilized in managing its potential as a material for making bio-broquette. The composition of the adhesive used determines the quality of the bio-broquettes. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the composition of tapioca adhesive on the calorific value, moisture content, density, ash content, fly content, carbon content, and burning rate of bio-broquettes. The material used for making bio-broquettes is coconut pulp charcoal. While the composition of tapioca adhesive that is varied is 30%, 40%, and 50%. The research used an experimental method, with 3 test treatments for each sample. The results obtained with 30%, 40%, and 50% tapioca adhesive for all test parameters have met the quality standards of charcoal bio-broquettes based on SNI 01-6235-2000. The best composition of tapioca adhesive is bio-broquettes that have a ratio of coconut pulp charcoal with 70% tapioca adhesive: 30% which produces the highest calorific value of 6,825.79 cal/gram, the lowest moisture content of 5.66%, density of 2.25 grams/cm3, the lowest ash content of 2.82%, the lowest fly substance content of 3.17%, the highest carbon content of 88.35%, and the highest burning rate of 0.1032 grams/minute
Effect of Addition of Seaweed (Sargassum Sp) Charcoal with Pure Graphite on The Optical Properties of Graphene Oxide Synthesized by the Modified Hummer’S Method kurniawati, Rega; Ramli, -; Gusnedi, -; Hidayat, Rahmat
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 17, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/14238171074

Abstract

Synthesis of graphene oxide from a mixture of pure Graphite and seaweed charcoal using a modified Hummers method was carried out with five variations of the composition, namely 100% graphite, 70% graphite– 30% seaweed, 60% graphite – 40% seaweed, 50% - 50%, 100% seaweed. From this experiment, it will be seen how adding seaweed with Graphite affects the optical properties of the resulting graphene oxide. Characterization was carried out using FTIR, XRD, and SEM, and for optical properties, a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer was used. The FTIR test results showed the presence of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) functional groups. The XRD test results showed the crystal size of graphene oxide, and the SEM test showed graphene oxide's morphology in the form of thin sheets and chunks. The FTIR, XRD, and SEM tests showed that adding seaweed with Graphite had no effect. The results of the UV-Vis Spectrophotometer test showed that the highest absorbance value was at a variation of 50% - 50%, namely 49.547 at a wavelength of 245 nm, while for the lowest energy gap value, namely the variation of 100% seaweed 2.2875 eV and the highest 100% graphite 4, 2393 eV, the energy gap shows that there is an influence, the more seaweed composition used, the lower the energy gap
Effect of Addition of Seaweed (Sargassum sp) Charcoal with Pure Graphite on the Electrical Properties of Graphene Oxide Synthesized by the Modified Hummer’s Method Ra'uf, Andhyka; Ramli, -; Gusnedi, -; Hidayat, Rahmat
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 17, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/13916171074

Abstract

Graphite is the primary raw material used to create graphene oxide. However, other biomass sources can also be used to create or combine the carbon source. Seaweed (Sargassum sp.), which has a decent carbon content, was used in this study as the biomass used as a carbon source for mixing. The objective of this research is to ensure how adding seaweed charcoal will affect the electrical characteristics of graphene oxide. The modified Hummer process was used to create the materials. There are four different compositions available: pure graphite (100%), 70:30 (graphite and seaweed), 60:40 (graphite and seaweed), and 50:50 (graphite and seaweed). The product of graphene oxide variations made from other compositions will be compared to those of 100% graphite composition. The result demonstrated that the addition of seaweed charcoal to the graphene oxide synthesis was successful. It can be seen from some of the characteristics of graphene oxide at an angle of 2Ɵ by XRD testing. In the FTIR test, it was discovered that the graphene oxide sample contained C-O, C=O, C=C, and O-H functional groups, and in the SEM test, peeling was discovered on the sample surface as a result of the oxidation process. The addition of seaweed charcoal with pure graphite synthesized by the modified Hummers method affects the electrical properties of the resulting graphene oxide. The material's conductivity value and the area capacitance value of the graphene oxide material both drop in the LCR Meter characterization instrument.
Mechanical Characteristics of Organic Waste-Based Biodegradable Plastics with Variations in Cellulose Concentration and Synthesis Temperature Cahyaningrum, Wahyu; Jonuarti, Riri; Gusnedi, -; Jhora, Fadhila Ulfa
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 17, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/15279171074

Abstract

Biodegradable plastic is an innovative plastic material that is environmentally friendly because it has the property of being easily decomposed naturally by the activity of microorganisms.   Biodegradable plastics are generally made from starch and cellulose which are natural polymer materials that are easily decomposed in nature. Some organic wastes contain a lot of starch and cellulose, one of which is cassava peel and corn cob waste. In this study, starch from cassava peels was used as raw material in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics and cellulose from corn cobs which functioned as filler. The purpose of this study are to determine the effect of corn cob cellulose concentration and synthesis temperature on the mechanical properties and biodegradability of biodegradable plastics. In this study, the method used to make biodegradable plastic is by using the material mixing method. There are two treatment factors, namely variations in corn cob cellulose concentration of 0%, 1%, and 2% and synthesis temperature with variations of 70˚C, 80˚C, and 90˚C. The results showed the best characteristics for the tensile strength test at the addition of 2% of cellulose concentration and 90˚C synthesis temperature of 2.31 MPa. While the best elongation value is at 0% cellulose concentration and 90˚C synthesis temperature of 21%. The best biodegradation results were obtained from the addition of a cellulose concentration of 2% and synthesis temperature of 70˚C which decomposed perfectly in the soil for 8 days
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide from Sugarcane Bagasse by Using Modified Hummers Method as a Microwave Absorber Rahma, Mila Devita; Ramli, -; Gusnedi, -; Yohandri, -
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 17, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/14821171074

Abstract

Bagasse, a residue from sugarcane processing, is chosen as the raw material due to its potential as an environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and easily obtainable carbon source. The modified Hummers method is a modification of the original Hummers method, incorporating thermal treatment in the initial synthesis stage to enhance the efficiency and quality of synthesis. The thermal treatment aims to improve the efficiency and quality of the synthesized graphene oxide. The modification is carried out in the synthesis process to obtain a high-quality product with better efficiency. Furthermore, this modification can also reduce synthesis time and minimize the risk of damage to the raw material. After the synthesis process is completed, the produced graphene oxide is characterized using various analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized graphene oxide is then tested for its ability to absorb microwaves at X-band frequencies (8-12 GHz). The characterization results indicate that the synthesized graphene oxide possesses a homogeneous structure with thin graphene layers and a clean surface. Moreover, the graphene oxide also exhibits excellent microwave absorption properties at an X-band frequency of 10.16 GHz, with a reflection loss value of -23.94 dB, absorption coefficient of 93.65%, and absorption bandwidth of 1.13 GHz. The test results demonstrate that the graphene oxide derived from bagasse exhibits significant absorption capabilities towards microwaves at specific frequencies. This indicates the potential application of graphene oxide as an effective microwave absorber material.
Optimization of Carbonization Temperature in the Production of Coconut Pulp-Based Activated Carbon for Thermoelectric Materials Nabila, Aliya; Darvina, Yenni; Gusnedi, -; Hidayat, Rahmat
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 17, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/15346171074

Abstract

A thermoelectric generator is one of the power plants capable of converting thermal energy into electrical energy. Thermoelectricity can be derived from materials based on metal oxide composites with carbon materials, one example is the use of Copper (II) Oxide with activated carbon. Using activated carbon can help reduce thermal conductivity, which will be beneficial in its utilization as a thermoelectric material. Activated carbon comes from biomass waste that has not been fully utilized, such as coconut pulp waste. Utilization of coconut pulp waste can reduce environmental pollution and can add economic value to the waste. The goal of this research is to produce coconut pulp activated carbon at the ideal temperature for usage as thermoelectric materials. The research method used is the experimental method. Coconut pulp activated carbon is obtained through dehydration, carbonization and activation stages. The carbonization temperature variation used is at a temperature of 250ºC, 300ºC, 350ºC, 400ºC, and 450ºC. According to the results of the characterization, the yield, ash content, and bound carbon content of activated carbon decrease with increasing carbonization temperature, while the values of water content and ash content of activated carbon increase. This indicates that the activated carbon made from coconut pulp has met the requirements SNI 06-3730-1995. XRD characterization results show that coconut pulp activated carbon is amorphous and does not show sharp diffraction peaks (significant). For producing activated carbon, coconut pulp is carbonized at a temperature of 300oC to get the optimum temperature.
Analysis of XRD Characterization of Fe3O4/Polypyrrole Nanocomposite Prepared by Sol-Gel Method Febriani, Annisa; Ramli, -; Gusnedi, -; Darvina, Yenni
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 17, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/13525171074

Abstract

Nanocomposites can be thought of as solid structures with nanometer-scale dimensions that repeat at the distances between different structural constituents. In this study, Fe3O4 was used as a filler and Polypyrrole polymer as the matrix material. This research was conducted by varying the Fe3O4: Polypyrrole composition of 5 variations including 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% w/w. This research was conducted to analyze the results of the XRD characterization of Fe3O4/Polypyrrole nanocomposite using the sol-gel method. The tool used in this research is X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) obtained the phase structure, crystal size, and microstrain. Based on the results of the study, the greater the polypyrrole composition, the greater the crystal size and microstrain. Details of the results are described in this paper.
Effect of Variations of Cotton Fabric Dyeing on Chitosan-SiO2 Composite Solution on Hydrophobic Properties for Anti-Virus Mask Yuliani, Kurnia Dwi; Ratnawulan, -; Fauzi, Ahmad; Gusnedi, -; Jonuarti, Riri
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 17, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/13811171074

Abstract

The coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) has attracted worldwide attention since December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11. Covid-19 is believed to have originated in Wuhan, China, and has spread to more than 200 countries, every day the number of Covid-19 cases in the world continues to increase. One of the efforts to overcome Covid-19 is wearing a mask. This study aims to manufacture hydrophobic masks from cotton cloth that have antivirus properties from chitosan-SiO2 composite materials. This type of research is a laboratory experiment, Chitosan-SiO2 is used in the size of nanoparticles using a High Energy Milling (HEM) tool. Next, analyze the SiO2 content using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Infra Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR) to calculate the degree of deacetylation of chitosan. To analyze the crystal structure and crystal size using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and to determine the morphological structure of the Chitosan-SiO2 composite layer. The results of this study are hydrophobic masks derived from cotton cloth are anti-virus. The contact angles resulting from the variation of immersion are 122.4o, 130.914o, 134.563o, and 136.138o, while the contact angle without coating is 90o. The surface temperature produced from the Chitosan-SiO2 composite layer based on the temperature image pattern is 37.4oC, 39.9oC, 40.2o C, and 41.6oC. After washing the cotton fabric layer sample, contact angle melting occurs. The best variation of immersion against contact angles and antivirus tests characterized by surface temperature imagery patterns is 4 times dyeing with a contact angle of 136.138o reaching ultrahydrophobic angles and surface temperatures of 41.6oC.
Co-Authors AA Sudharmawan, AA Annisa Febriani, Annisa Cahyaningrum, Wahyu Fadhila Ulfa Jhora Hrp, Abdul Maulub kurniawati, Rega Nabila, Aliya Ra'uf, Andhyka Rahma, Mila Devita Rahmat Hidayat Ramli, - Ratnawulan . Riri Jonuarti Yenni Darvina Yohandri Yuliani, Kurnia Dwi