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Sunarno
Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Library & Information Science Mathematics Physics Social Sciences

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SOLID WASTE-SILICA COMPOSITE FOR HIGH STRENGTH AND LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIAL APPLICATION Masturi, M.; Rustad, S.; Sunarno, S.; Hindarto, N.
Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpfi.v12i1.4289

Abstract

The solid waste composite was successfully made. Preliminary, the composite was synthesized using polyurethane as binder mixed with the solid waste using simple mixing method and then hot-pressed at at pressure of 4 metric-tons and temperature of 100°C for 20 minutes. To enhance its strength, silica nanoparticles with varied content then were added in the polyurethane-solid waste mixture. From the compressive strength test, it was obtained that polyurethane-solid waste composite with solid waste volume fraction of 87.15% had optimum compressive strength of 160 MPa. Meanwhile, for silica addition with the fraction of 0.4975%, the compressive strength became 200 MPa, or increased 23% of that without nanosilica. The enhancement was also briefly confirmed from FTIR Spectroscopy where some polyurethane spectra shifted small due to silica addition, especially in amine and carbonyl groups as its active groups. The strength is better than of brick (80 MPa), shalestone (73 MPa), silstone (92 MPa) and other stones. From density measurement, the composite-produced has density about 0.7 g/cm3 that comparable to Jati (Tectona grandis) and Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) having densities about 0.8 g/cm3 and 0.7 g/cm3 respectively. Therefore, this composite is very adequate for building material application to compete the woods.  Komposit sampah sudah berhasil dibuat. Mula-mula, komposit disintesis dengan menggunakan poliuretan sebagai pengikat yang dicampur dengan sampah melalui metode pencamnpuran sederhana (simple mixing), kemudian dihot-press pada tekanan 4 metric ton dan suhu 100°C selama 20 menit. Untuk meningkatkan kekuatan mekaniknya, nanopartikel silica dengan berbagai komposisi ditambahkan dalam campuran poliuretan-sampah. Dengan menggunakan uji kekuatan tekan, didapatkan komposit poliuretan-sampah dengan fraksi volume sampah sebesar 87,15% memiliki kekuatan tekan sebesar 160 MPa. Selanjutnya, dengan penambahan silica sebesar 0,4975% (v/v) kekuatan tekan komposit menjadi 200 MPa, atau meningkat sebesar 23% dibandingkan komposit tanpa silica. Peningkatan ini juga dikonfirmasi melalui FTIR Spectroscopy yang menunjukkan adanya pergeseran kecil pada puncak spektra poliuretan akibat penambahan silica, utamanya pada gugus fungsi amina dan karbonil. Kekuatan mekanik komposit ini lebih baik daripada batu bata (80 MPa), batuan shale (73 MPa), batuan siltstone (92 MPa) dan beberapa jenis batuan yang lain. Dengan menggunakan uji kerapatan didapatkan komposit ini memiliki massa jenis 0,7 g/cm3, setara dengan kayu Jati (Tectona grandis) dan Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) yang memiliki massa jenis masing-masing 0,8 g/cm3 dan 0,7 g/cm3. Ini menunjukkan komposit yang dihasilkan sangat cocok untuk diaplikasikan sebagai bahan bangunan pengganti kayu.
PEMBUATAN SISTEM PENGATURAN PUTARAN MOTOR DC MENGGUNAKAN KONTROL PROPORTIONAL-INTEGRAL-DERIVATIVE (PID) DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SENSOR KMZ51 Khakim, L; -, Sunarno; -, Sugiyanto
Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Vol 35, No 2 (2012): October 2012
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

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Abstract

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan desain rancang bangun sistem pengendalian otomatis yang digerakkan dengan dua motor DC sehingga mampu mempertahankan kelembaman pada arahnya. Sistem otomatis ini terdiri dari sensor KMZ51 sebagai komponen feedback dan dua motor DC sebagai komponen plant. Pengujian dari sistem otomatis dibagi menjadi tiga yaitu pengujian sensor KMZ51, pengujian PWM sebagai penggerak motor DC dan pengujian performansi kontrol PID. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan nilai ketelitian sensor 99.17%. Pada pengujian PWM diperoleh error pengukuran 1.07% dan pengujian performansi sistem didapatkan bahwa penerapan kontrol PID dapat mengatur putaran motor DC sehingga model sistem mampu mempertahankan arahnya pada set point yang telah ditentukan dengan nilai overshoot maximum kurang dari 10%, rise time 2 detik dan settling time kurang dari 5% yang diperoleh pada Kp= 27, Ki= 6, dan Kd= 40 menggunakan metode trial and error. This research is design of automatic control system which driven by two DC motors that can keep the inertia of direction. The system is composed of sensor KMZ51 as feedback component and two DC motors as plant component. Testing of the automated system divided into three, KMZ51 sensor testing, PWM testing as drive DC motors, and performance testing of PID control system. The results show that the sensor accuracy values 99.17%, on testing the PWM measurement error obtained 1.07%, and testing of performance system obtained that the application of PID control can adjust DC motors rotation so that the model system is able to maintain direction the set point specified with maximum overshoot less than 10%, rise time of 2 seconds and settling time less than 5% were obtained at Kp= 27, Ki= 6, and Kd= 40 using trial and error method
PENGENDALIAN KELAJUAN KENDARAAN MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER (FLC) PADA SISTEM CRUISE KONTROL Susanto, S.; Sunarno, S.
Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Vol 39, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

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Abstract

Pengendalian kelajuan kendaraan menggunakan FLC pada cruise control telah dilakukan dengan menginjeksi sistem fuzzy pada sistem gerak kendaraan. Sistem fuzzy terdiri dari dua himpunan masukan berupa error kelajuan dan laju error kelajuan sistem. Penambahan Fuzzy Logic Controller pada sistem gerak kendaraan berpengaruh terhadap respon sistem untuk mencapai kecepatan yang diinginkan. Dengan penambahan FLC respon kecepatan dalam mencapai kecepatan yang diinginkan semakin cepat sehingga sesuai untuk diterapkan pada cruise control.Control vehicle speed using the cruise control FLC has been done by injecting a fuzzy system on the vehicle motion system. The system consists of two sets fuzzy input is the speed error and the error rate of the speed of the system. The addition of Fuzzy Logic Controller in the vehicle motion system affect the response of the system to achieve the desired speed. With the addition of FLC response speed in reaching the desired speed more quickly so appropriate to be applied to the cruise control.
APLIKASI ALAT RADIOGRAFI DIGITAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN LAYANAN FOTO RONTGEN -, Susilo; -, Sunarno; Setiowati, E; Lestari, L
Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Vol 35, No 2 (2012): October 2012
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

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Abstract

Sistem radiografi digital (RD) selama ini dianggap sebagai teknologi impor yang canggih,  mahal, dan memerlukan kemampuan sumber daya yang tinggi. Pengadaan secara built-in cenderung menyerap APBD cukup besar terutama untuk pelaksanaan otonomi daerah dan desentralisasi, selain itu juga tidak memberi nilai tambah bagi struktur iptek daerah. Dalam upaya pengembangan sistem RD untuk aplikasi medis, penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem pencitraan radiografi digital untuk pengembangan layanan RS Daerah. Melalui penelitian ini, hasil penelitian terdahulu dikembangkan menjadi model prototipe aplikasi pencitraan medis yang dilengkapi dengan sistem pelindung radiasi, dan sistem penangkap gambar yang dibangun dari tabung kedap cahaya, intensifying screen bersama kamera CCD, dan pengolah citra. Hasil penelitian ini adalah berupa model prototype sistem pencitraan radiografi digital (tanpa film) untuk pemeriksaan fraktur tulang dan software analisis citra radiografi digital berbasis Matlab 7.1, sehingga pencitraan medis ini dapat diduplikasi oleh unit kendali mutu yang ada di rumah sakit kota/daerah. Digital radiography system (RD) is considered as advanced and expensive imported technology, and it requires high resource capabilities. Built-in procurement tends to absorb substantial budget, especially for the implementation of regional autonomy and decentralization, but it also does not add value to the structure of the science and technology region. To develop the RD system for medical applications, this study developed a digital radiographic imaging system for the development of regional hospital services. Through this research, the results of previous studies developed a prototype model of medical imaging application that comes with the system of radiation protection and image capture system built from a light-tight tube, intensifying screen with a CCD camera and image processing. This study results a prototype model of digital radiography imaging system (without film) for examination of bone fractures and image of digital radiography software analysis based on Matlab 7.1, so that medical imaging can be duplicated by the quality control unit of city/regional hospital.
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD DENGAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS VIII.F DI SMP NEGERI 2 KARANGMALANG KABUPATEN SRAGEN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2014/2015 Sunarno, S.
HISTORIKA Vol 17, No 2 (2015): Pembelajaran Sejarah di Sekolah
Publisher : Sebelas Maret University (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (112.026 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/historika.v17i2.29308

Abstract

This study aims to increasestudent interest and improve student IPS learning achievement bycooperative learning STAD with audio-visual in F class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Karangmalang in the second semester of academic year 2014/2015.This study uses a Classroom Action Research. Subjects were students of class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Karangmalang Sragen. This data collection is done by using interviews, tests, observation, and questionnaires.Technique authenticity of data by the method of triangulation techniques.Technical analysis is done by collection data, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The research process conducted three cycles, in each cycle includes four stages of action planning, action, observation and reflection.The results showed that: (1) Application of STAD cooperative learning in social studies learning can increase student interest class VIII F SMP Negeri 2 Karangmalang in the second semester of academic year 2014/2015, (2) use of cooperative learning STAD in IPS learning can improve learning achievement  eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Karangmalang in the second semester of academic year2014/2015. Increased student interest can be seen from the results of questionnaire student interest after the action, in cycle 1 reaches 26.5%, cycle 2 increased to 47.1%, and the third cycle increased to 88.2%. While student achievement on the initial conditions shows that the average score is 67.1 with classical completeness 55.9%, after the action on cycle 1 to increase the score of the average is 70.3 with classical completeness of 70.6%, cycle 2 increased average score becomes 73.4 with classical completeness 76%, and in 3 cycles increased, with an average score of 78.4 with classical completeness of 88.2%.
DEVELOPING MICROCONTROLLER BASED KINEMATICAL EXPERIMENT SET Bambang Subali; Agung Wibowo; Sunarno Sunarno; Wawan Kurniawan
Jurnal Kependidikan Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (94.236 KB) | DOI: 10.21831/jk.v2i2.15161

Abstract

This study was aimed at developing two sets of kinematics experiment namely free fall motion and microcontroller based projectil motion. This study used an R D research design that involves descriptive and evaluative methods. This research was conducted at the Physics Laboratory of Semarang State University and the Science Laboratory Semarang. The stages of this research included design design, tool making, tool validity testing, data retrieval and data processing. Validity test was done to validate the feasibility of the tool by an expert in physics and tested to physics students. A limited scale test and a large scale test were also be done in this study.These tests were conducted to determine the level of readability of the tool and the level of appropriateness of the equipment. This study produced a microcontroller-based experimental set that was feasible for free fall motion and projectile motion experiments. Time measurement results by the kinematics experiment set for free fall motion and projectile motion obtained a better level of accuracy than the previous tool that is equal to 98.30% and has an accuracy level of 99.99%.
PENERAPAN RANCANG BANGUN pH METER BERBASIS ARDUINO PADA MESIN PENCUCI FILM RADIOGRAFI SINAR-X Muchamad Ngafifuddin; Sunarno Sunarno; Susilo Susilo
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 6, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (747.647 KB) | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v6i1.14081

Abstract

Perancangan pH meter berbasis Arduino dilakukan untuk membuat alat ukur pH yang kompatibel dengan alat mesin pencuci film otomatis. Pengukuran pH pada larutan fixer sangat diperlukan karena tingkat pH sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil citra radiografi. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan rancang bangun pH meter berbasis arduino uno. Rancang bangun alat ini menggunakan sensor E-201C,  arduino uno, dan tampilan PC. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan variasi larutan buffer. Hasil dari karakterisasi sensor menunjukkan sensor memiliki nilai sensitivitas 46,2mV/pH pada suhu 28oC. Pengukuran pada larutan asam menghasilkan tegangan sensor bernilai positif, larutan netral menghasilkan tegangan sensor mendekati nol, dan larutan basa menghasilkan tegangan sensor bernilai negatif. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, pH meter yang dibuat mampu mengukur rentang nilai pH 1,6 sampai dengan 11 dengan ketelitian 99% dan layak digunakan sebagai alat ukur pH pada mesin pencuci film radiografi.Kata Kunci : Larutan fixer, sensor E-201C, arduino uno, pH meter Abstract Design of pH meter based on Arduino had done to create pH measurement instrument that compatible with automatic washing machine of x-ray radiograph film. The pH Measurement on buffer solution is important because acidic level extremely effect to result of radiograph image. In this research,  the design of pH meter based on arduino uno has been performed. Sensor of E-201C, arduino uno an display PC used to designed of pH meter. Buffer solution has variated to get a data result. The result of sensor characterization shows that the sensitivity of the sensor is about 46.2mV/pH in the temperature of 28C. Measurement of acidic solution give result of positive voltage, netral solution voltage of limit to zero, and basic solution of negative voltage. According to the examination result,  pH meter has made as can measure pH with ranges of 1,6 to 11 with 99% accuracy and proper to use as a pH measuring instrument to wash film radiography equipment.Keywords : Buffer Solution, Sensor of E-201C, Arduino uno, pH meter
Dose Analysis of In Vitro and In Vivo Test for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) Hamidatul Faqqiyyah; Sunarno Sunarno; Isa Akhlis; Yohannes Sardjono
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 35 No. 3 (2018): Developments in Nuclear Techniques in the Treatment of Cancer
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (602.053 KB) | DOI: 10.29037/ajstd.522

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo doses of boron neutron capture cancer therapy (BNCT) using the SHIELD-HIT12A program. To be able to determine the recoil energy, the research was conducted using the Monte Carlo method. Running data obtained the value of ionization activity and recoil lost. The results showed that in vitro and in vivo doses of BNCT for soft tissue irradiation had a value of 0.312 × 10-2 Sv, which is safe and does not harm healthy body tissue around the cancer cells because it is below the threshold of 1.5 Rem or 15 × 10-3 Sv, in accordance with the provisions of the upper value permitted by the International Commission on Radiation Protection in 1966. While the comparative targets are water, the optimal target absorption dose was obtained at concentrations of 3.232 × 10-3 Gy. The dose of carbon equivalent in water with the type of thermal neutron radiation was 16.16 × 10-3 Sv; this dose is classified as unsafe.
RANCANG BANGUN PENCATAT SELANG WAKTU OTOMATIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR PEKA CAHAYA UNTUK PESAWAT ATWOOD Santoso Santoso; Sunarno Sunarno; Isa Akhlis
Integrated Lab Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (659.675 KB) | DOI: 10.14421/ilj.2016.%x

Abstract

The Atwood machine is the equipment consists of two masses connected with string or rope on a pulley fixed. In the Atwood best practical implementation by using a stopwatch timekeeping is done manually lead time calculations are inaccurate because it depends on the precision of the practitioner. Manufacture of electronic equipment by utilizing light-sensitive sensor that can automatically record the time interval in experiments using the calculation time is expected to minimize these inaccuracies. This electronic equipment uses the principle of the switch transistor, where the transistor is in two circumstances, namely the state of saturation and discontinuity. Specifications of this electronic circuit when the infrared light is not blocked by an object, the resulting output voltage of 11.07 volts and when the infrared light is blocked by an object, the output voltage drops to 1.2 volts using input voltage of 12 volts. From the research could have made an electronic device that can be used to record time lapse automatically by using a light-sensitive sensor based phototransistor. Series that has been created can be utilized in the best lab Atwood. The result of the calculation of the acceleration of gravity by using the self-timer on the plane practicum Atwood is 9.791 m / s2.
Pengaruh Massa Biji Buah Mangga Arum Manis (Mangifera indica L.) Terhadap Kadar Bioetanol A. Cristina; Masturi Masturi; N. Istiana; P. Dwijananti; Sunarno Sunarno
Jurnal Fisika Vol 5, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jf.v5i1.7367

Abstract

Kebutuhan energi semakin meningkat, namun sumber daya alam atau bahan bakar fosil semakin menurun. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu sumber energi terbarukan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan tersebut. Salah satu alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil adalah bioetanol. Bioetanol diproduksi dengan cara fermentasi biji buah mangga arum manis menggunakan ragi roti Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Diketahui biji buah mangga tersebut memiliki kadar karbohidrat sebesar 19,53%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui massabiji mangga yang tepat dalam menghasilkan bioetanol dengan kadar yang tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pemberian massa biji mangga yang berbeda yaitu 25 gram, 35 gram, dan 45 gram. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa sampel 25 gram, 35 gram, dan 45 gram secara berurutan memiliki kadar etanol sebesar 4,78%; 6,64%; 1,48%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa massa biji mangga 35 gram menghasilkan kadar bioetanol yang tinggi.
Co-Authors - Sudartono A. Cristina Aditya Bagus Wicaksana Agung Wibowo Bambang Subali D Martina, D Dicko Alyandri Samudra Djuniadi , Djuniadi Djuniadi Djuniadi E Setiowati Edy - Wibowo Feddy Setio Pribadi Fianti Fianti, Fianti Hamidatul Faqqiyyah Haydnn Caesha Maulana Hidayah, Rizki Roqissatul Ian Yulianti, Ian Indrawan Nur Cahyono Iqbal Iqbal Iqbal Isa Akhlis Isa Akhlis Karnisih, Karnisih L Khakim L Lestari Langlang Handayani Leonardy, Joshu Masturi Masturi Masturi Masturi Muchamad Ngafifuddin Mufatihah, Nishfa Musa Abdul Halim N. Hindarto N. Istiana P Purwanto P. Dwijananti Prayogo, Defrian Purwanto - Purwanto R Indriyanto R. Setiawan Rohmad Rohmad Rudi Setiawan S. Rustad, S. S. Susanto, S. Santoso Santoso Slamet Haryono Sugianto Sugianto Sugiyanto - Suharto Linuwih Sulistyowati, Indah Dwi Supriyadi - Supriyadi Supriyadi Susilo - Susilo Susilo Susilo Susilo Sutaryani, Apit Sutikno - Sutikno Sutikno Syamsuri, KGS M Nurs Teguh Darsono Utomo, Galih R. W. P, Wasi Sakti Warsito, B. Wawan Kurniawan Wiujianna, Atri Yohannes Sardjono