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All Journal JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX
Tuegeh, Octavia D. M.
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Unmasking The Hidden Costs of Ecotourism: A Green Accounting Decision Support System Using Spatial Macro-Tourist Data Tuegeh, Octavia D. M.; Nagy, Adrian Szilard; Paat, Franda Benedicta
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v14i1.66913

Abstract

While ecotourism is frequently championed as a sustainable solution, the influx of mass tourism often generates hidden ecological costs that remain unrecorded in conventional accounting frameworks. This study aims to design a spatial Decision Support System (DSS) model that integrates green accounting principles with macro-tourism data. Employing the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method, this research evaluates the disparity between tourist volume (14.5 million movements) and community-based accommodation capacities within the ecotourism epicenter of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Two novel spatial accounting indicators are introduced: the Local Carrying Capacity Ratio (LCCR) and the Estimated Environmental Cost (EEC), monetized in the domestic currency (IDR). The DSS algorithm reveals a sustainability paradox: North Minahasa Regency, despite recording the lowest tourist volume (650,320 visitors), emerges as the most critical ecological zone (preference score of 0.586). This vulnerability is attributed to a severe infrastructure deficit that precipitates an extreme overshoot in carrying capacity (LCCR 26.20). Conversely, Manado City implicitly accrues an annual ecological debt exceeding IDR 24.5 billion driven by emissions and waste. These findings underscore that the omission of macro-spatial metrics from regional balance sheets can result in misguided investment policies. Ultimately, the proposed DSS model offers a strategic framework for local governments to formulate equitable carbon levies and reallocate tourism revenues toward the development of local community infrastructure. Keywords: Carrying Capacity, Decision Support System, Ecotourism, Green Accounting, Hidden Costs
Big Data Analytics with Blockchain Technology for Understanding Tourist Preferences in Ecotourism Ogi, Imelda W. J.; Sumual, Jacline I.; Pandowo, Merinda H. C.; Paat, Franda Benedicta; Tuegeh, Octavia D. M.
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v14i1.67295

Abstract

This study examines the integration of big data analytics and blockchain technology to understand tourist preferences in the context of ecotourism. The research was conducted in Manado, Indonesia, and employed a mixed-methods design combining digital tourism data analysis, surveys, semi-structured interviews, and blockchain prototype implementation. The study analyzed 500 tourist reviews collected from major online platforms, involved 150 tourism SMEs as primary respondents, and piloted the proposed system with 50 selected SMEs. Big data analytics was used to identify dominant tourist preferences and segment visitors based on their behavioral patterns. At the same time, blockchain technology was implemented to improve the security, traceability, and integrity of preference data. The results revealed four major tourist segments: family travelers, solo travelers, young travelers, and international tourists, each characterized by different preference combinations related to accommodation, nature tourism, culinary experiences, and tourism services. The findings also showed that blockchain significantly strengthened data security by reducing recorded data leakage and violation cases to zero after implementation. In addition, SMEs that used preference-based insights were able to improve service personalization and reported positive business outcomes, particularly in accommodation and nature-based tourism services. User evaluation further indicated high levels of acceptance across ease of use, operational efficiency, data security, and personalization quality. Overall, the study demonstrates that integrating big data analytics and blockchain technology provides a valuable framework for delivering secure, data-driven, and personalized ecotourism services. Keywords: Big data analytics; Blockchain; Ecotourism; Service personalization; Tourist preferences