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All Journal Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Anggara, I Gede Yudi
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics

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Potential of Red Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) as an Anti-Cancer: A Review Anggara, I Gede Yudi; Kirtishanti, Aguslina; Gondokesumo, Marisca E.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i3.52562

Abstract

Red ginger rhizome, Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum has long been used as a herbal medicine. Its biological properties, including anti-cancer properties, are confirmed. Compared to their stems and leaf tissues, the average amount of gingerols in red ginger rhizomes (104.39 μg/g) is much higher. In addition to gingerol, other nonvolatile pungent chemicals found in ginger include shogaols, paradols, gingerdiols, and zingerone. Gingerol disrupts the cell cycle, triggers apoptosis in cancer cells, and prevents the growth and spread of cells by interacting with particular proteins, gene targets, and signal transduction pathways. 6-shogaol activity suppresses NF-kB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), decreases Bcl-2 expression, and increases Bax expression, which contributes to lowering cell viability and causing autotosis. The several functions of red ginger in regulating biological processes linked to anticancer effects will be outlined in this review. In order to organize related study findings in accordance with the specified publication criteria, this literature review employs a narrative technique. The chemical composition of red ginger rhizome that functions as an anti-cancer agent contains 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol, 6-paradon, and zingeron, according to the findings of this literature review that was conducted. Red ginger rhizome has been proven to have anti-cancer activity in various types of cancer that have been studied in vitro and in silico, there are head and neck cancer, endometrial adenocarcinoma,breast cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, oral and cervical cancer, brain tumor, bone cancer, and pancreatic cancer.
Evaluation of Physicochemical Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Single Black Garlic Extract Capsules: Initial Development of Herbal Preparations Ananta, I Gusti Bagus Teguh; Anggara, I Gede Yudi
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 8 (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i8.11056

Abstract

Black garlic is a fermented product of fresh garlic that is rich in bioactive compounds such as S-allyl cysteine (SAC), polyphenols, and melanoidins, which play an important role as antioxidants and have the potential to be developed as supplements for preventing degenerative diseases. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical stability and antioxidant activity of black garlic extract capsules during three months of accelerated storage (40 ± 2 °C; RH 75 ± 5%). Black garlic extract was obtained through ethanol maceration, concentration, and freeze-drying, and then formulated into capsules with amylum manihot and starch mucilage as excipients. The analyzed parameters included organoleptic characteristics, weight uniformity, moisture content, pH, total phenolic content using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The results showed that capsule weight uniformity met pharmacopeia requirements throughout storage, while moisture content gradually increased, and pH showed a moderate decrease. Total phenolic content significantly decreased from 57.20 ± 0.92 to 43.40 ± 0.75 mg GAE/g by the third month. The antioxidant activity remained in the strong category, as indicated by an increase in IC50 values. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive evaluation of the stability of a single black garlic capsule product under accelerated conditions and its relationship to changes in bioactivity during storage. Overall, this study confirms that the single black garlic extract capsule product has good physicochemical stability and antioxidant activity, and has the potential to be developed as a herbal product with antioxidant capacity that is maintained and even increases during storage.
Co-Authors Aguslina Kirtishanti Dhitama, I Made Yogista Gondokesumo, Marisca E. I Gusti Bagus Teguh Ananta Setiadi, Adji Prayitno Wibowo, Yosi Irawati