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All Journal Paramita: Historical Studies Journal ADDIN JAWI : Journal of Southeast Asia Islamic Contemporary Issues Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun Tawarikh : Journal of Historical Studies SUSURGALUR SIPATAHOENAN ADDIN
Anzar Abdullah
Pusat Penelitian Kebijakan Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Balitbang Kemendikbud
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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ISLAMISASI DI SULAWESI SELATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH Abdullah, Anzar
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5148

Abstract

This article aims to describe how the islamization process in South Sulawesi takes place approximately 17th century reviewed from Islam history, particularly related to when, who, where, and from where. Islamization in South Sulawesi took place in approximately 16M, has made social change for local people.  The change at least occurs by religion shift among people from previously Hindu-Buddhist to new religion, that is Islam. Islamization in South Sulawesi using top down pattern. It means that for the initial stage, Islam is accepted by the king then society officially embraces Islam. In the islamization context in South Sulawesi, this area is a bit late accepting Islam compared with other areas in the eastern part of Indonesia such as Maluku, and Kalimantan. However, the trading relationship with other kingdoms has occured since long time ago. The area which initially embraces Islam in South Sulawesi is The Gowa-Tallo Kingdom. The kingdom is also the first which declares Islam as the official religion in the kingdom. Likewise, the clerics dan the king have extremely big role for islamization in  South Sulawesi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana proses islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan yang berlangsung sekitar abad ke 17 M ditinjau dari sejarah islam, terutama menyangkut kapan, siapa, di mana, dan dari mana. Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan yang berlangsung sekitar abad ke 16M, telah membawa perubahan  sosial terhadap masayarakat setempat. Setidaknya perubahan itu berlangsung melalui beralihnya agama masyarakat, dari agama yang sebelumnya bersifat Hindu-Budha ke agama baru, yaitu Islam.Islamisasi yang berlangsung di Sulawesi Selatan berlangsung melalui pola dari atas ke bawah (top down). Artinya, pada tahap awal Islam diterima oleh Raja, lalu setelah itu rakyat secara resmi memeluk agama Islam. Dalam konteks Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan, kawasan ini agak terlambat menerima agama Islam dibandingkan dengan kawasan lain di Timur Nusantara, seperti Maluku, dan Kalimantan. Namun hubungan perdagangan dengan kerajaan lainnya sudah berlangsung sejak lama.Adapun daerah Kerajaan yang lebih awal memeluk agama Islam di Sulawesi Selatan ialah Kerajaan Gowa-Tallo.Kerajaan ini juga yang pertama menjadikan Islam sebagai agama resmi kerajaan. Demikian juga peran Ulama dan Raja sangat besar peranannya dalam Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan. 
PERKEMBANGAN PESANTREN DAN MADRASAH DI INDONESIA DARI MASA KOLONIAL SAMPAI ORDE BARU Abdullah, Anzar
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2673

Abstract

The objective of this study is to examine the Islamic education in Indonesia seeing from the historical perspective, which is focusing on pesantren and madrasah (Islamic schools) from the colonialism era until new order era. Previously, Islamic education dealt with the spread of Islam (moslem) and the Islamized of Indonesian archipelago. It means that the Islamic education was, first, centralized on mosque, langgar or surau (smaller mosque). Next, it changes into other institutions from pesantren salafiyah into madrasah. The latest one has already adopted and applied the science curriculum and Islamic curriculum from the western classical system and school model, and also the best Islamic schools. All the changes in the Islamic schools bring many implications through the transmission of the Islamic thought which is based on the ilahiyah (tauhid) authority as the creator of human life. Keywords: madrasah, pesantren, Islamic education. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji tentang pendidikan Islam di Indonesia dalam perspektif sejarah, khususnya mengenai pesantren dan madrasah sejak masa Kolonial sampai Orde Baru. Pendidikan Islam pada awalnya berhubungan dengan penyebaran Islam dan Islamisasi Nusantara. Hal ini menyebabkan pendidikan Islam semula berpusat di masjid, langgar, surau yang kemudian berkembang menjadi lembaga pendidikan dalam bentuk pesantren dan madrasah. Pendididikan Islam telah mengalami perubahan dari bentuk pesantren salafiyah kepada bentuk madrasah yang mulai mengadopsi sistem klasikal dan model pendidikan sekolah ala Barat sampai kepada sekolah Islam unggulan. Sementara pendidikan Islam di madrasah yang mulai mengadopsi sistem pendidikan Barat dengan model klasikal dan menerapkan kurikulum pengetahuan umum, di samping kurikulum keislaman. Seluruh perubahan yang berlangsung pada sistem pendidikan Islam membawa berbagai implikasi terutama berkaitan dengan transmisi pemikiran keislaman yang bertumpu pada otoritas ilahiyah (tauhid) sebagai pengatur kehidupan manusia. Kata Kunci: Madrasah, pesantren, pendidikan islam, kolonialisme, orde lama, orde baru.    
Mohammad Natsir, Character Education, and its Relevances to the National Education System: A Study of the Educational Thought in Effort to Build the Students’ Noble Characters in Indonesia Abdullah, Anzar
TAWARIKH Vol 5, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (413.071 KB)

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The main problem in this research is the constellation of Mohammad Natsir educational thought in an effort to build a noble character of learners in the National Education System. A primary issue is described in three sub-problems, namely: How does the concept of Islamic educational thought of Mohammad Natsir?; How does the concept of noble character that became Mohammad Natsir’s educational purposes?; and What methods of Islamic education, according to Mohammad Natsir, in an effort to build a noble character of learners? Above problems is assessed through methods of library research that is qualitative and using descriptive analysis. Data was collected through a variety of written sources, such as books, papers, magazines, and journals related to the research focus. The results showed that the concept of educational thought in Islam, according to Mohammad Natsir, to build a noble character of students, namely: (1) the Purpose of Islamic education is servitude to Allah; (2) Man/woman as an actor and educational goals, aiming to cultivate the competences of aqliyah, qalbiyah, and amaliyah; (3) Principles of Islamic education is monotheism; (4) Sources of Islamic education is the Al-Quran, Al-Sunnah, and ijtihad; and (5) Method of Islamic education is exemplary and habituation. Mohammad Natsir also stated that there are four pillars of education for Islamic ummah, namely: family, Islamic boarding schools, schools institution, and mosques. Finally, Mohammad Natsir’s thought on character education is still relevance and has become the locomotive of the birth of national education system in Indonesia.KEY WORDS: Mohammad Natsir, history of thought, concept of character education, system of national education in Indonesia, character education for students, and a good citizen.About the Author: Dr. Anzar Abdullah is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of History Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training UVRI (Veteran University of the Republic of Indonesia), UVRI Campus II, Jalan Baruga Raya, Antang, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. He can be reached at: anzarabdullah91@yahoo.co.idHow to cite this article? Abdullah, Anzar. (2013). “Mohammad Natsir, Character Education, and its Relevances to the National Education System: A Study of the Educational Thought in Effort to Build the Students’ Noble Characters in Indonesia” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.5(1) October, pp.71-90. Bandung, Indonesia: ASPENSI [Asosiasi Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia] and UVRI [Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia], ISSN 2085-0980.Chronicle of the article: Accepted (August 22, 2013); Revised (September 26, 2013); and Published (October 28, 2013).
Nahdatul Ulama and the Khittah Revitalization: A Futuristic Critical Reflection for the Largest Islamic Organization in Indonesia Abdullah, Anzar
TAWARIKH Vol 3, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (120.043 KB)

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Its splendor of 32nd Congress of NU (Nahdatul Ulama) in Makassar, South Sulawesi, on 22 to 28 March 2010, apparently similar to the 27th Congress of NU in Situbondo, East Java, in 1984. Both congress conditions were equally arise under bottom pressure of strong Nahdhiyyin (NU followers), so NU sterilizes from party or practical politics. Involvement in practical politics is believed to has many disadvantages than benefits for congregation (organization). While in Situbondo Congress in 1984, driven more by a strong desire so NU becomes civil society, strength to confront the hegemony of a repressive state. At that time, the reason is that if remain stay on the political track, NU powerless nothing. If in Situbondo Congress, the key words was back to “Khittah” 1926 as struggle basis, then in Makassar Congress, the key word is “Khittah” Revitalization. Obviously, with these facts, it can be concluded that the key is not the formulation of its “Khittah” unclear or irrelevant, but there is something wrong in the implementation of “Khittah”. Consequently impressed that “Khittah” becomes depends on who interprets and treats. KEY WORDS: Nahdatul Ulama, “Khittah” revitalization, critical futuristic reflection, and historical journey of NU.About the Author: Anzar Abdullah, M.Pd. is a Lecturer at the Faculty of Education and Teacher Training UNIMA (University of 45), Jalan Urip Sumohardjo Km.4 Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. He is currently following the Ph.D. study in the UIN (State Islamic University) Alauddin, Makassar. He can be reached at: anzarabduIIah91@yahoo.co.idHow to cite this article? Abdullah, Anzar. (2011). “Nahdatul Ulama and the Khittah Revitalization: A Futuristic Critical Reflection for the Largest Islamic Organization in Indonesia” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.3(1) October, pp.95-108. Bandung, Indonesia: ASPENSI [Asosiasi Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia] and UVRI [Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia], ISSN 2085-0980. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (August 25, 2011); Revised (September 30, 2011); and Published (October 28, 2011).
Pendidikan Islam Sepanjang Sejarah: Sebuah Kajian Politik Pendidikan di Indonesia Abdullah, Anzar
SUSURGALUR Vol 1, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : SUSURGALUR

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

IKHTISAR: Pendidikan Islam muncul dan berkembang di Nusantara sejak Islam masuk ke kepulauan ini yang dibawa oleh kaum sufi atau pedagang dari Timur Tengah, yang kemudian hidup membaur dengan penduduk lokal. Ketika membaur itulah berlangsung transmisi Islam yang diterima oleh penduduk lokal melalui proses penyesuaian dengan tata-cara hidup dan tradisi yang telah mereka jalankan sebelumnya. Pendidikan Islam, kemudian, menjadi sebuah upaya terstruktur yang dijalankan umat dalam rangka mewujudkan transmisi ilmu pengetahuan keislaman di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan potret pendidikan Islam di Indonesia sejak awal kemerdekaan sampai dewasa ini. Tentu dalam rentang waktu yang panjang itu telah terjadi berbagai perubahan dan dinamika, serta konstelasi politik yang mempengaruhi arah kebijakan negara terhadap pendidikan Islam. Hal ini tidak dapat dihindari karena persoalan kebijakan pendidikan adalah merupakan keputusan politik. Namun perubahan pola dan sistem pendidikan Islam, dari yang bersifat tradisional seperti pesantren sampai madrasah yang bersifat modern, adalah merupakan respons terhadap modernisasi pendidikan Islam dan perubahan sosial, ekonomi, dan masyarakat Islam.KATA KUNCI: Pendidikan Islam, transmisi Islam, kaum sufi, pesantren, madrasah, modernisasi pendidikan Islam, dan perubahan sosial.ABSTRACT: This paper entitled “Islamic Education in Historical Journey: A Political Study of Education in Indonesia”. Islamic education emerged and developed in the archipelago since Islam entered the archipelago brought by the Sufis or traders from the Middle East, which then living mingle with the local population. Diffuse transmission that takes place when Islam is accepted by the local people through the process of adjusting to the way of life and traditions they have run before. Islamic education, then, became a race run structured effort in order to realize the transmission of Islamic science in educational institutions. This article aims to describe the portrait of Islamic education in Indonesia since the early days of independence until today. Certainly in the long span of time there have been many changes and dynamics, as well as the political constellation that affect state policy towards Islamic education. This is unavoidable because of the issue of education policy is a political decision. However, changes in the pattern and Islamic educational system, from the traditional nature such as Islamic boarding school to the madrassas that are modern, is a response to the modernization of Islamic education and social change, economics, and Islamic societies.KEY WORD: Islamic education, transmission Islam, the Sufis, Islamic boarding schools, madrassas, Islamic education modernization, and social change.About the Author: Dr. Anzar Abdullah adalah Dosen di Jurusan Pendidikan Sejarah, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan UVRI (Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia), Kampus II, Jalan Baruga Raya, Antang, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Alamat emel: anzarabdullah91@yahoo.co.idHow to cite this article? Abdullah, Anzar. (2013). “Pendidikan Islam Sepanjang Sejarah: Sebuah Kajian Politik Pendidikan di Indonesia” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, Vol.1(2), September, pp.213-228. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (June 17, 2013); Revised (August 5, 2013); and Published (September 30, 2013).
Penglibatan Belia dalam Pertanian Komersial dan Perkembangan Industri Pertanian di Malaysia Abiddin, Norhasni Zainal; Anuar, Mohd Ashraff Mohd; Abdullah, Anzar
SIPATAHOENAN Vol 1, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : ASPENSI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (125.479 KB)

Abstract

INTISARI: Sektor pertanian komersial sehingga kini masih kekurangan penglibatan golongan muda, terutamanya belia berpelajaran tinggi. Golongan muda ini diperlukan oleh negara untuk menaiktarafkan indusrti pertanian, memodenkan industri asas tani, dan memperbanyakkan lagi pekerja berkemahiran yang terlibat dalam sektor pertanian komersial. Persepsi negatif masyarakat terhadap sektor pertanian telah memberi kesan terhadap penglibatan belia dalam pertanian komersial. Persepsi negatif yang dimaksudkan ini adalah seperti kurangnya galakan daripada keluarga; kurang prosedur yang lengkap dalam membantu belia yang ingin melibatkan diri dalam sektor pertanian; serta kesukaran dalam mendapatkan bantuan, termasuklah sumber bantuan kewangan. Kesemua aspek ini menyumbang kepada kurangnya penglibatan belia dalam perniagaan pertanian secara komersial. Justeru, artikel ini mengupas sejarah industri pertanian di Malaysia dan penglibatan belia dalam industri ini. Pembangunan pertanian komersial di Malaysia dalam 50 tahun ini menampakkan kurangnya penglibatan belia, walaupun industri pertanian berupaya membuka prospek yang luas dalam ekonomi Malaysia. KATA KUNCI: Pertanian, usahawan, belia, perniagaan, industri, persepsi negatif, sejarah industri pertanian, dan ekonomi Malaysia.ABSTRACT: “Youth Involvement in Commercial Agriculture and the Development of Agriculture Industries in Malaysia”. Commercial agricultural sector in Malaysia until these days is still lack of young people, especially educated youth. This young workforce is needed by the Malaysian government in the process of improving the agricultural industry, modernizing agro-based industries, and developing skilled workers of the commercial agricultural sectors.  Negative perception towards agriculture sector has brought significant impact on the involvement of youths in commercial agriculture. The negative perceptions include lack of family and community encouragement; lack of complete procedure for the young people joining the industry; and difficulties to get technical assistance and financial supports. All these aspects contribute to the lack of youth involvement in commercial agriculture business. Hence, this article explores the history of commercial agriculture in Malaysia and youth involvement in the industry. The development of commercial agriculture in Malaysia in 50 years clearly shows that there is less involvement among youth, even though the agriculture industry could bring broader prospects of the Malaysian economic.KEY WORD: Agriculture, entrepreneur, youth, business, industry, negative perception, history of commercial agriculture, and Malaysian economic.    About the Authors: Prof. Madya Dr. Norhasni Zainal Abiddin dan Mohd Ashraff Mohd Anuar ialah Pensyarah dan Tutor di Jabatan Pemajuan Profesional dan Pendidikan Lanjutan, Fakulti Pengajian Pendidikan UPM (Universiti Putra Malaysia) Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Dr. Anzar Abdullah ialah Pensyarah Kanan di Fakulti Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan UVRI (Universiti Veteran Republik Indonesia) Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Alamat emel penulis adalah: nonie@upm.edu.my, mohdashraf@upm.edu.my, dan anzarabdullah91@yahoo.co.idHow to cite this article? Zainal Abiddin, Norhasni, Mohd Ashraff Mohd Anuar & Anzar Abdullah. (2015). “Penglibatan Belia dalam Pertanian Komersial dan Perkembangan Industri Pertanian di Malaysia” in SIPATAHOENAN: South-East Asian Journal for Youth, Sports & Health Education, Vol.1(1) April, pp.99-108. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press, APAKSI Bandung, and KEMENPORA RI Jakarta, ISSN 2407-7348. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 8, 2015); Revised (March 6, 2015); and Published (April 21, 2015).
GERAKAN RADIKALISME DALAM ISLAM: PERSPEKTIF HISTORIS Abdullah, Anzar
ADDIN Vol 10, No 1 (2016): ADDIN
Publisher : LPPM IAIN Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/addin.v10i1.1127

Abstract

PERKEMBANGAN PESANTREN DAN MADRASAH DI INDONESIA DARI MASA KOLONIAL SAMPAI ORDE BARU Abdullah, Anzar
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2673

Abstract

The objective of this study is to examine the Islamic education in Indonesia seeing from the historical perspective, which is focusing on pesantren and madrasah (Islamic schools) from the colonialism era until new order era. Previously, Islamic education dealt with the spread of Islam (moslem) and the Islamized of Indonesian archipelago. It means that the Islamic education was, first, centralized on mosque, langgar or surau (smaller mosque). Next, it changes into other institutions from pesantren salafiyah into madrasah. The latest one has already adopted and applied the science curriculum and Islamic curriculum from the western classical system and school model, and also the best Islamic schools. All the changes in the Islamic schools bring many implications through the transmission of the Islamic thought which is based on the ilahiyah (tauhid) authority as the creator of human life. Keywords: madrasah, pesantren, Islamic education. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji tentang pendidikan Islam di Indonesia dalam perspektif sejarah, khususnya mengenai pesantren dan madrasah sejak masa Kolonial sampai Orde Baru. Pendidikan Islam pada awalnya berhubungan dengan penyebaran Islam dan Islamisasi Nusantara. Hal ini menyebabkan pendidikan Islam semula berpusat di masjid, langgar, surau yang kemudian berkembang menjadi lembaga pendidikan dalam bentuk pesantren dan madrasah. Pendididikan Islam telah mengalami perubahan dari bentuk pesantren salafiyah kepada bentuk madrasah yang mulai mengadopsi sistem klasikal dan model pendidikan sekolah ala Barat sampai kepada sekolah Islam unggulan. Sementara pendidikan Islam di madrasah yang mulai mengadopsi sistem pendidikan Barat dengan model klasikal dan menerapkan kurikulum pengetahuan umum, di samping kurikulum keislaman. Seluruh perubahan yang berlangsung pada sistem pendidikan Islam membawa berbagai implikasi terutama berkaitan dengan transmisi pemikiran keislaman yang bertumpu pada otoritas ilahiyah (tauhid) sebagai pengatur kehidupan manusia. Kata Kunci: Madrasah, pesantren, pendidikan islam, kolonialisme, orde lama, orde baru.    
ISLAMISASI DI SULAWESI SELATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH Abdullah, Anzar
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5148

Abstract

This article aims to describe how the islamization process in South Sulawesi takes place approximately 17th century reviewed from Islam history, particularly related to when, who, where, and from where. Islamization in South Sulawesi took place in approximately 16M, has made social change for local people.  The change at least occurs by religion shift among people from previously Hindu-Buddhist to new religion, that is Islam. Islamization in South Sulawesi using top down pattern. It means that for the initial stage, Islam is accepted by the king then society officially embraces Islam. In the islamization context in South Sulawesi, this area is a bit late accepting Islam compared with other areas in the eastern part of Indonesia such as Maluku, and Kalimantan. However, the trading relationship with other kingdoms has occured since long time ago. The area which initially embraces Islam in South Sulawesi is The Gowa-Tallo Kingdom. The kingdom is also the first which declares Islam as the official religion in the kingdom. Likewise, the clerics dan the king have extremely big role for islamization in  South Sulawesi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana proses islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan yang berlangsung sekitar abad ke 17 M ditinjau dari sejarah islam, terutama menyangkut kapan, siapa, di mana, dan dari mana. Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan yang berlangsung sekitar abad ke 16M, telah membawa perubahan  sosial terhadap masayarakat setempat. Setidaknya perubahan itu berlangsung melalui beralihnya agama masyarakat, dari agama yang sebelumnya bersifat Hindu-Budha ke agama baru, yaitu Islam.Islamisasi yang berlangsung di Sulawesi Selatan berlangsung melalui pola dari atas ke bawah (top down). Artinya, pada tahap awal Islam diterima oleh Raja, lalu setelah itu rakyat secara resmi memeluk agama Islam. Dalam konteks Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan, kawasan ini agak terlambat menerima agama Islam dibandingkan dengan kawasan lain di Timur Nusantara, seperti Maluku, dan Kalimantan. Namun hubungan perdagangan dengan kerajaan lainnya sudah berlangsung sejak lama.Adapun daerah Kerajaan yang lebih awal memeluk agama Islam di Sulawesi Selatan ialah Kerajaan Gowa-Tallo.Kerajaan ini juga yang pertama menjadikan Islam sebagai agama resmi kerajaan. Demikian juga peran Ulama dan Raja sangat besar peranannya dalam Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan. 
Diplomatic Relations between Indonesia-Australia Since Whitlam, Fraser, Until Hawke Era in An Attempt To Establish Political Stability in Southeast Asia Abdullah, Anzar
Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun Vol 5 No 2 (2017): Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun
Publisher : SCAD Independent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (730.568 KB) | DOI: 10.26811/peuradeun.v5i2.135

Abstract

Talking about foreign policy relations of a country, it cannot be explained without adapting to the changes that occur in the growing environment or situation of both countries. Adjustments to the environment and the situation, especially the foreign policy are done in order to maintain the physical, economic, politic and social culture of the country in the midst of the real conditions of the situation occurred, like the history of bilateral relations between Indonesia and Australia). This is a study of the history of Australian foreign policy towards Indonesia since Whitlam government in 1972 until Hawke. The goal of the study is to explain how the foreign policy of the Australian Prime Ministers during their reigns. Although in reality in the course of its history, Australian and Indonesian diplomatic relations were full of intrigues, turmoil and conflicts, but it did not severe the relation of the two nations. Eventually, the conclusion of this study explicitly states that Australia and Indonesia still need each other in an attempt to establish political stability, economic and security in Southeast Asia and the Pacific peacefully.
Co-Authors Alimbagu, Andi Andi Alim, Andi Anuar, Mohd Ashraff Mohd Burga, Muhammad Alqadri Fauza Andriyadi Muhammad Asdam Norhasni Zainal Abiddin, Norhasni Zainal