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All Journal Buletin Palawija BERITA BIOLOGI JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
M. Muchlish Adie
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan, Jl. Merdeka 147, Bogor 16111 Telp. (0251) 8334089, 8332537, 8311432
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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 1 
VARIETAS KEDELAI UMUR GENJAH Rahajeng, Wiwit; Adie, M. Muchlish
Buletin Palawija No 26 (2013)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-umbian

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Abstract

Varietas  kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr.) umur genjah banyak diminati karena dapat memberikan berbagai keuntungan seperti terhindar dari kekeringan dan hama serta meningkatkan indeks pertanaman dalam setahun. Umur kedelai ditentukan oleh faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Umur kedelai di Indonesia dikelompokkan menjadi sangat genjah (<70 hari), genjah (70–79 hari), sedang (80–85 hari), dalam (86–90 hari), dan sangat dalam (>90 hari), sedangkan pengelompokan umur masak kedelai di luar negeri (Amerika) didasarkan pada adaptasi dalam letak lintang. Masak fisiologis pada kedelai ditandai dengan >60% polong berwarna coklat, dipanen setelah >80% polong masak. Pada kedelai, terdapat tujuh loci dengan dua alel pada masingmasing lokus yang mengendalikan waktu berbunga dan umur masak kedelai, yaitu: E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7 dan E8. Sampai 2011, terdapat lima varietas berumur masak di bawah 76 hari, yaitu Tengger, Meratus, Grobogan, Gepak Kuning, dan Gepak Ijo, dan varietas kedelai berumur genjah (74 hari) yaitu Gema. Hasil kedelai varietas genjah yang dihasilkan masih dapat ditingkatkan, sehingga perakitan varietas berumur pendek dengan produksi tinggi perlu terus dilakukan.
GALUR HARAPAN KEDELAI HITAM BERDAYA HASIL TINGGI DAN BERKARAKTER EKSOTIK Adie, M. Muchlish; Susanto, Gatut Wahyu Anggoro; ., Arifin
Buletin Palawija No 13 (2007)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-umbian

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Abstract

Meningkatnya permintaan kedelai hitam oleh industri, menimbulkan kembali minat petani untuk menanam kedelai hitam. Pemerintah baru berhasil melepas dua varietas kedelai hitam berdaya hasil tinggi (selain tiga varietas unggul lama, Otau, No 27 dan Merapi) yakni Cikuray (dilepas tahun 1992) dan Mallika (dilepas 2007). Ciri utama varietas tersebut adalah ukuran bijinya berkriteria sedang yaitu sekitar 10 g/100 biji. Perbaikan potensi hasil kedelai hitam serta ukuran biji dan karakter lainnya, diupayakan melalui pembentukan populasi dengan menggunakan kedelai hitam introduksi berukuran biji besar disilangkan dengan varietas kedelai berdaya hasil tinggi. Seleksi dan uji daya hasil mendapatkan tiga galur kedelai hitam prospektif yakni 9837/K-D-8-185, W/9837-D-6-220; dan 9837/W-D-5-211. Pengujian di 18 sentra produksi membuktikan bahwa galur 9837/K-D-8-185, W/9837-D-6-220; dan 9837/W-D-5-211 berdaya hasil 18% lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas kedelai hitam Cikuray (2,03 t/ha). Tiga galur kedelai hitam tersebut memiliki karakter unik. Galur 9837/K-D-8-185 memiliki ukuran biji 14,84 g/100 biji, dan akan menjadi kedelai hitam pertama berukuran biji besar sekaligus memiliki kandungan protein tinggi (45,36 %). Galur 9837/W-D-5-211 akan menjadi varietas kedelai hitam dengan kandungan protein tertinggi (45,58 %) dari seluruh varietas kedelai yang ada di Indonesia. Sedangkan keunikan galur W/9837-D-6-220 adalah berkotiledon hijau (green kernel), dan akan menjadi varietas kedelai pertama di Indonesia yang memiliki warna kotiledon hijau. Tiga galur tersebut sudah diusulkan untuk dilepas sebagai varietas unggul.
Prospek Kedelai Hitam Varietas Detam-1 dan Detam-2 Adie, M. Muchlish; ., Suharsono; ., Sudaryono
Buletin Palawija No 18 (2009)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-umbian

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Abstract

Jawa Timur merupakan provinsi terbesar penghasil kedelai Glycine soya Merr. di Indonesia, karena memiliki luas tanam relatif tinggi sehingga menjadi penyumbang terbesar kebutuhan kedelai nasional. Dengan makin pentingnya posisi kedelai sebagai pangan fungsional, maka varietas kedelai unggul tidak semata-mata berdaya hasil tinggi, namun juga harus memenuhi pra-syarat kedelai sebagai pangan sehat dan menyehatkan, sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna serta berdaya saing tinggi. Selama 89 tahun (1918–2007) pemerintah Indonesia baru berhasil melepas lima varietas kedelai hitam dan pada umumnya merupakan hasil seleksi terhadap varietas lokal dan galur introduksi, kecuali Cikuray diperoleh dari seleksi terhadap persilangan antara galur No 630 dan Orba. Varietas kedelai hitam Detam-1 dan Detam-2 dilepas tahun 2008, hasil persilangan antara kedelai introduksi dengan varietas Wilis dan Kawi. Keunggulan Detam-l adalah berdaya hasil 2,51 t/ha, berukuran biji besar (14,84 g/100 biji), dan merupakan kedelai hitam pertama yang berukuran biji besar. Detam-2, berdaya hasil 2,46 t/ha dan menjadi varietas kedelai berkandungan protein paling tinggi di Indonesia (45,58 % berat kering) dan tergolong toleran kekeringan pada fase reproduktif.
Pengaruh Posisi Biji Pada Polong Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Beberapa Varietas Lokal Bengkuang (Pachyrizus erosus L.) Krisnawati, Ayda; Adie, M. Muchlish
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1240.829 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v14i2.3736

Abstract

 ABSTRACTThe yam bean seeds are formed in relatively long pods containing between 6-12 seeds/pod. A total of six local yam bean accessions from Indonesia was studied for its seed position in pod related to seed viability and vigor. Field research was carried out in Malang (Indonesia) from May - October 2016. Twenty five matured pods were detached from each accession. Each pod was divided into three parts, i.e. base, middle, and tip part. The seeds of each part are mixed and taken as many as 20 seeds for germinating. The design was a completely randomized design with two factors and repeated three times. The first factor was three seed positions (base, middle, and tip) and the second factor was six accessions of Indonesian local yam bean. The analysis of variance showed that seed position had significant effect on individual seed weight, leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, seedling dry weight, and root dry weight. Seeds derived from the midde of the pods produce the highest leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, seedling dry weight, and root dry weight. The parameters of seed viability and vigor were not affected by the seed position in the pods. Therefore, the seed viability and vigor of yam bean plant in the field can be produced from the seeds derived from the tip, middle and base of the pod. Keywords: seed position, viability, vigor, yam bean  
AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF DROUGHT-TOLERANT SOYBEANS AT THE REPRODUCTIVE STAGE Adie, M. Muchlish; Krisnawati, Ayda
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 18, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v18i3.3365

Abstract

In Indonesia, soybeans are typically cultivated during the dry season, thus making it prone to drought stress in the reproductive stage. The objective of the research was to characterize the agronomic characters of several soybean genotypes which were tolerant to drought at the reproductive stage. A total of 19 soybean genotypes were evaluated for its agronomic characters and tolerance to drought stress in Probolinggo (East Java, Indonesia) during the dry season (June ? September). The research was arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates. Soybean cultivars were sown at two separate experiments, normal/optimal (plants were irrigated during the growth period) and stress (plants were irrigated up to 40 days after planting) conditions. Drought stress during the reproductive stage did not affect the characters of plant height, the number of branches per plant, the number of nodes per plant, and the number of pods per plant. Meanwhile, the number of empty pod, seed weight per plant, and seed yield were significantly affected. There were two genotypes which were identified as the tolerant genotypes to drought stress at the reproductive stage, i.e. MDT15-6-11 and MDT15-W-3034. The agronomic characters of MDT15-6-11 were showed as having a low percentage of yield reduction, hence it was able to mantain its high yield. The MDT15-W-3034 was identified as drought-tolerant due to the slow wilting, high plant character, a slow vegetative phase, and high yields. The genotypes obtained from this study could be recommended to be released as new soybean drought-tolerant varieties due to its high yield and tolerant to drought stress. Those genotypes could also be used as gene donors for soybean improvement to drought stress at the reproductive stage.  
EVALUASI KETAHANAN GALUR HARAPAN KEDELAI TERHADAP PECAH POLONG DAN KERAGAAN KARAKTER AGRONOMI YANG SESUAI UNTUK IKLIM TROPIS Krisnawati, Ayda; Adie, M. Muchlish
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 15, No 1 (2019): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v15i1.3769

Abstract

ABSTRACT Pod shattering is one of major constraints in soybean cultivation at tropical environment. The objective of the study was to evaluate resistance to pod shattering and agronomic performance of several  adapted to tropical environment. A total of 14 promising lines and two check cultivars (Anjasmoro and Dega 1) were evaluated in two locations (Mojokerto and Jembrana) on Februari to May 2018. The experiment design was a randomized block in each location, with 16 treatments and four replications. At R8 stage, 30 pods were randomly detached from five sample plants of each line to be used for evaluation of pod shattering resistance using oven dry method. Five promising lines from Mojokerto showed resistant to pod shattering, meanwhile three very resistant and two resistant lines were obtained from Jembrana. Those all resistant promising lines were the progenies of shatter-resistant parent (Anjasmoro). The pod shattering resistance was determined by the pod length, the longer the pods will increase sensitivity to shattering. However, the sensitivity of long pods can be minimized when width of the pod is narrow. The promising lines with shorter pod and the width of the pod is narrow, then this line has the chance to be resistant to pod shattering.  The agronomic characters of soybean are suitable to be developed in tropical regions such as Indonesia are: maturity under 85 days, seed weight more than 14 g/100 seeds, medium plant height, and produce high number of pods. Based on the results of the study obtained one promising line which resistance to pod shattering, produce high productivity and have good agronomic characters. The lines is G511H/Anj//Anj///Anj////Anj-4 with production yield 3.43 t/ha and also adaptable to the tropics.   Keywords: pod shattering, agronomic character, tropical soybean, path analysis   
PENGARUH POSISI BIJI PADA POLONG TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH BEBERAPA VARIETAS LOKAL BENGKUANG (PACHYRIZUS EROSUS L.) Krisnawati, Ayda; Adie, M. Muchlish
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v14i2.3736

Abstract

 ABSTRACTThe yam bean seeds are formed in relatively long pods containing between 6-12 seeds/pod. A total of six local yam bean accessions from Indonesia was studied for its seed position in pod related to seed viability and vigor. Field research was carried out in Malang (Indonesia) from May - October 2016. Twenty five matured pods were detached from each accession. Each pod was divided into three parts, i.e. base, middle, and tip part. The seeds of each part are mixed and taken as many as 20 seeds for germinating. The design was a completely randomized design with two factors and repeated three times. The first factor was three seed positions (base, middle, and tip) and the second factor was six accessions of Indonesian local yam bean. The analysis of variance showed that seed position had significant effect on individual seed weight, leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, seedling dry weight, and root dry weight. Seeds derived from the midde of the pods produce the highest leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, seedling dry weight, and root dry weight. The parameters of seed viability and vigor were not affected by the seed position in the pods. Therefore, the seed viability and vigor of yam bean plant in the field can be produced from the seeds derived from the tip, middle and base of the pod. Keywords: seed position, viability, vigor, yam bean  
EVALUASI KETAHANAN GALUR HARAPAN KEDELAI TERHADAP PECAH POLONG DAN KERAGAAN KARAKTER AGRONOMI YANG SESUAI UNTUK IKLIM TROPIS Krisnawati, Ayda; Adie, M. Muchlish
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 15, No 1 (2019): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v15i1.3769

Abstract

ABSTRACT Pod shattering is one of major constraints in soybean cultivation at tropical environment. The objective of the study was to evaluate resistance to pod shattering and agronomic performance of several  adapted to tropical environment. A total of 14 promising lines and two check cultivars (Anjasmoro and Dega 1) were evaluated in two locations (Mojokerto and Jembrana) on Februari to May 2018. The experiment design was a randomized block in each location, with 16 treatments and four replications. At R8 stage, 30 pods were randomly detached from five sample plants of each line to be used for evaluation of pod shattering resistance using oven dry method. Five promising lines from Mojokerto showed resistant to pod shattering, meanwhile three very resistant and two resistant lines were obtained from Jembrana. Those all resistant promising lines were the progenies of shatter-resistant parent (Anjasmoro). The pod shattering resistance was determined by the pod length, the longer the pods will increase sensitivity to shattering. However, the sensitivity of long pods can be minimized when width of the pod is narrow. The promising lines with shorter pod and the width of the pod is narrow, then this line has the chance to be resistant to pod shattering.  The agronomic characters of soybean are suitable to be developed in tropical regions such as Indonesia are: maturity under 85 days, seed weight more than 14 g/100 seeds, medium plant height, and produce high number of pods. Based on the results of the study obtained one promising line which resistance to pod shattering, produce high productivity and have good agronomic characters. The lines is G511H/Anj//Anj///Anj////Anj-4 with production yield 3.43 t/ha and also adaptable to the tropics.   Keywords: pod shattering, agronomic character, tropical soybean, path analysis   
RESPON GENOTIPE KEDELAI BIJI BESAR DAN UMUR GENJAH TERHADAP KOMPLEKS HAMA PENGISAP POLONG Bayu, Marida Santi Yudha Ika; Krisnawati, Ayda; Adie, M. Muchlish
JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Vol 17, No 2 (2017): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (630.883 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/j.hptt.217128-136

Abstract

Response of large seed size and early maturing soybean genotypes against pod sucking bugs complex. Pod sucking bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is the most detrimental pest on soybean in Indonesia. These pest attacks caused the decreasing of quality and quantity of yield as well as decreased seed germination. The use of resistant varieties is an alternative control which is environmentally friendly. The objective of this study was to determine the response of various soybean genotypes against pod sucking complex in the field. The experiment was conducted on June to September 2015 in Pasuruan, East Java. The treatment was arranged in randomized block design, 16 treatments with three replicates. The treatment consists of 14 soybean promising lines (G 511 H/Anj//Anj///Anj-11-2, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-6, G 511 H/Anj//Anj///Anj-7-1, G 511 H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-5-1, G 511 H/Argom//Argom-2-1, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-4, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-2, G 511 H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8, G 511 H/Arg//Arg///Arg///Arg-12-15, G 511 H/Anj// Anj///Anj-6-3, G 511 H/Arg//Arg///Arg///Arg-19-7, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-7, G 511 H/Anj//Anj///Anj////Anjs-6-7, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-4-2), and two varieties (Anjasmoro and Grobogan). The results showed that the differences in soybean genotypes significantly influence the intensity of damaged pod and seed caused by pod sucking bugs. The intensity of damaged pod was 29.8?64.0% per plant. The intensity of damaged seed was 13.2-63.9% per plant. The number of puncture was 1.2-1.6 punctures per pod and 0.6-2.7 punctures per seed. Based on the intensity of damaged pod and seed, genotipe G 511 H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-2, and G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-6 were indicated consistently as moderately resistance against pod sucking complex. Those three genotypes could be use as a source of genes to improve the resistance of soybean against pod sucking bug.
Co-Authors Arifin . Ayda Krisnawati Gatut Wahyu Anggoro Susanto Marida Santi Yudha Ika Bayu, Marida Santi Yudha Ika Sudaryono . Suharsono . Wiwit Rahajeng