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All Journal Cermin Dunia Kedokteran The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy
Hartanto, Darius
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Demam Tifoid pada Dewasa Hartanto, Darius
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 48, No 1 (2021): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (114.385 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v48i1.1255

Abstract

Demam enterik (demam tifoid dan paratifoid) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S. typhi) dan paratyphi (S. paratyphi) A dan B. Gejala klinis bervariasi dari ringan sampai berat. Pemeriksaan gold standard untuk demam tifoid adalah kultur darah. Pemeriksaan serologi seperti Widal, Dot Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA), dan uji IgM dipstick juga dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis. Pilihan utama antibiotik tergantung kerentanan kuman S.typhi dan S.paratyphi di area tertentu; golongan fluorokuinolon adalah yang paling efektif.Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) is infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S. typhi) and paratyphi (S. paratyphi) A dan B. Clinical symptoms are varied from mild to severe. Gold standard for diagnosis is blood culture; serological examination such as Widal, Dot Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA), and IgM dipstick test can be used for diagnosis. Drug of choice depends on antibiotic susceptibility of S. typhi and S. paratyphi in certain area; fluoroquinolone is the most effective antibiotic class.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Management Hartanto, Darius
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 48, No 5 (2021): CME - Continuing Medical Education
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (407.221 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v48i5.1374

Abstract

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe and fatal condition characterized by severe hypoxic respiratory failure resistant to oxygen therapy with bilateral lung infiltrates in radiological findings, first described in 1967 by Ashbaugh and colleagues. Several pathogenesis mechanisms were involved in ARDS, such as excess inflammation, endothelial permeability, epithelial permeability, and impaired alveolar fluid clearance. Kigali criteria as modified Berlin criteria typically maintain the previous criteria with removed PEEP requirement and hypoxemiaevaluated using the ratio of arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry/inspiratory oxygen fraction (SpO2/FiO2). Low tidal volumes and positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP) were needed to prevent alveolar collapse due to loss of surfactant and fluid accumulation in alveoli. The prone position was shown to have a beneficial effect on a critically ill patient. Treatment should be aimed at the underlying condition even though lung injury has occurred in many cases.Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) adalah kondisi serius dan fatal yang ditandai dengan kegagalan pernapasan tipe hipoksia berat yang resisten terhadap terapi oksigen dengan infiltrat paru bilateral pada temuan radiologis; pertama kali ditemukan pada tahun 1967 oleh Ashbaugh dan kawan-kawan. Beberapa mekanisme patogenesis yang terlibat dalam ARDS adalah inflamasi berlebih, permeabilitas endotel, permeabilitas epitel, dan gangguan pembersihan cairan alveolar. Kriteria Kigali sebagai hasil modifikasi dari kriteria Berlin, mempertahankan kriteria sebelumnya dengan persyaratan PEEP dihilangkan dan hipoksemia dievaluasi menggunakan rasio saturasi oksigen arteri dengan oksimetri nadi/ fraksi oksigen inspirasi (SpO2/ FiO2). Volume tidal dan tekanan ekspirasi akhir positif (PEEP) rendah perlu untuk mencegah kolaps alveolar karena hilangnya surfaktan dan akumulasi cairan di alveoli. Posisi tengkurap terbukti memiliki efek menguntungkan pada pasien kritis. Pengobatan ARDS harus ditujukan untuk mengobati kondisi yang mendasarinya meskipun cedera paru telah terjadi dalam kebanyakan kasus. 
From Diagnosis to Treatment: A Literature Review on Hiatal Hernia Management Hartanto, Darius; Waleleng, Bradley Jimmy; Rotty, Luciana; Gosal, Fandy; Winarta, Jeanne; Waleleng, Andrew
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 27, No 1 (2026): VOLUME 27, NUMBER 1, April, 2026
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/271202680-87

Abstract

A hiatal hernia is a medical disorder where the upper part of the stomach, or occasionally other intraabdominal organs, abnormally protrudes through the diaphragmatic hiatus. The occurrence of this disorder ranges from asymptomatic to severe symptoms, depending on the extent of herniation and associated complications. The development of a hiatal hernia is associated with repeated acid exposure, shortening of the muscles, and proximal displacement of the esophagus. Based on the American Foregut Society (AFS) endoscopic classification, hiatal hernia is divided into types I–IV, which guide clinical evaluation and management. Moreover, management strategies vary according to symptom severity and progression, as treatment is usually not required in asymptomatic patients. For mild to moderate cases, non-pharmacological management is recommended, such as avoidance of smoking, weight reduction, and avoidance of trigger foods and beverages. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the first-line options in pharmacological treatment, while surgical intervention is the sole method capable of repositioning herniated organs back into the abdominal cavity and addressing the functional defects related to a hiatal hernia. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of hiatal hernia management, from initial diagnosis to therapeutic selection.
Co-Authors Bradley Jimmy Waleleng Fandy Gosal Luciana Rotty, Luciana Waleleng, Andrew Winarta, Jeanne