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Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) Seed Extract as Male Contraception via Decreasing The Quality of Rat's (Rattus Norvegicus) Sperm Sri Nita; Arum Setiawan; Rara Inggarsih; Uci Tantri; Meryska Hardiana
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bsm.v4i1.110

Background. Population growth needs to be controlled so as not to cause new and serious problems. Pregnancy and birth control is a solution to control this sizable population growth. Contraception is a way to prevent pregnancy, by inhibiting the process of ovulation, fertilization and implantation. Nevertheless, most of contraceptive regiments were aimed to woman. Male contraception nowadays is very rare. Papaya seed is one of the male contraceptive candidates which has the potential to be developed as male contraception. Previous studies have shown the potential of papaya seed extract could reduce the weight of reproductive organs of male white rats, where it was believed that there was a decrease in spermatogenesis activity. Methods. This research was an in-vivo experimental research post-test only with control group. The study used 32 male and healthy rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain with 8-10 weeks of age. Rats were grouped into 1 control group and 4 treatment groups that were randomly selected. The four treatment groups were group 1: control administered 1% 2ml CMC orally one time per day every morning, group 2: were given N-hexane papaya seed fraction, group 3: were given ethyl acetate papaya seed fraction and group 4: were given ethanol-water papaya seed fraction. The three fractions were given to rats orally at a dose of 100 mg / KgBB / day for 24 days. After that, rat's testes and epidydimis were evacuated to observe reproductive organs and sperm quality. Results. Anatomically, Group 2 and 3 were statistically significant in reducing testicular's and epidydimis' weight compared to the control group, but the n-hexane group was more effective in reducing testicular weight than other treatment groups. Furthermore, groups 2, 3 and 4 were statistically significant in reducing sperm quality (motility, viability, amount of sperm cells and normal sperm cell morphology) compared to the control group, but the n-hexane group was more effective in reducing sperm quality than other treatment groups. Conclusion. Papaya seed n-hexane fraction has potential as a male contraceptive by reducing spermatogenesis activity and decreasing sperm quality in white rats. Keyword : papaya seed, male contraception, rat's sperm

Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) Seed Extract as Male Contraception via Decreasing The Quality of Rat's (Rattus Norvegicus) Sperm Sri Nita; Arum Setiawan; Rara Inggarsih; Uci Tantri; Meryska Hardiana
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bsm.v4i1.110

Background. Population growth needs to be controlled so as not to cause new and serious problems. Pregnancy and birth control is a solution to control this sizable population growth. Contraception is a way to prevent pregnancy, by inhibiting the process of ovulation, fertilization and implantation. Nevertheless, most of contraceptive regiments were aimed to woman. Male contraception nowadays is very rare. Papaya seed is one of the male contraceptive candidates which has the potential to be developed as male contraception. Previous studies have shown the potential of papaya seed extract could reduce the weight of reproductive organs of male white rats, where it was believed that there was a decrease in spermatogenesis activity. Methods. This research was an in-vivo experimental research post-test only with control group. The study used 32 male and healthy rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain with 8-10 weeks of age. Rats were grouped into 1 control group and 4 treatment groups that were randomly selected. The four treatment groups were group 1: control administered 1% 2ml CMC orally one time per day every morning, group 2: were given N-hexane papaya seed fraction, group 3: were given ethyl acetate papaya seed fraction and group 4: were given ethanol-water papaya seed fraction. The three fractions were given to rats orally at a dose of 100 mg / KgBB / day for 24 days. After that, rat's testes and epidydimis were evacuated to observe reproductive organs and sperm quality. Results. Anatomically, Group 2 and 3 were statistically significant in reducing testicular's and epidydimis' weight compared to the control group, but the n-hexane group was more effective in reducing testicular weight than other treatment groups. Furthermore, groups 2, 3 and 4 were statistically significant in reducing sperm quality (motility, viability, amount of sperm cells and normal sperm cell morphology) compared to the control group, but the n-hexane group was more effective in reducing sperm quality than other treatment groups. Conclusion. Papaya seed n-hexane fraction has potential as a male contraceptive by reducing spermatogenesis activity and decreasing sperm quality in white rats. Keyword : papaya seed, male contraception, rat's sperm

A Comparison Of Hematocrit, MCV, MCH And MCHC Amount Between Rats On Vegan Dan Standard Diet After Routine Physical Exercise Arwan Laeto; Rara Inggarsih; Septi Purnamasari; Masayu Farah Diba
Jambi Medical Journal : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 4 (2023): JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS JAMBI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/jmj.v11i4.22638

ABSTRACT Background: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Indonesia, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, continues to increase. The main factors are diet errors and mistakes in sport. Methods: This study used an in vivo experimental method with a pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent group. The research sample consisted of 16 white rats, which were divided into two groups based on diet. The treatment given was in the form of dietary and routine physical exercise. Blood sampling was conducted to analyze hematocrit, MCH, MCV and MCHC levels. Results: The results showed that the change in body weight of the white rats on vegan diet was higher than the standard diet group. Routine physical exercise had significant effect on hematocrit levels in the standard white rats (p=0.034) compare to the vegan diet. In addition, routine physical exercise had a significant effect on MCV (p=0.026), MCH (p=0.027) and MCHC (p=0.026) levels in the vegan compared to the standard diet white rats. Conclusion: Changes in the number of hematocrits in the standard diet white rats is significant compared to the vegan diet group. Meanwhile, the levels of MCH, MCV and MCHC changed significantly in the white rats that were given a vegan diet compared to the white rats on a standard diet after routine physical exercise.

The Role of Cell Membranes in Cell Traffic Rara Inggarsih; Amalia, Ella; Septi Purnamasari
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 1 No. 6 (2021): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v1i6.168

The cell membrane plays an important role in cell traffic because it functions to secrete various molecules. The selective transport system allows the movement of molecules into or out of the cell compartment. By controlling the movement of substances from one compartment to another, membranes exert a strong influence on metabolic pathways. Cell membranes are composed of proteins and lipids with a very important function in maintaining the rhythm of circulation and cell transport. In addition, the cell membrane also plays a role in maintaining the integrity and relationship, and communication of cells.

Inflammatory Response Plays a Role in Innate Immunity: A Narrative Literature Review Rara Inggarsih; Hidayat, Rachmat
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.301

The inflammatory response is the rapid initiation and interplay of humoral (dissolved in the blood) and cellular systems designed to limit the degree of tissue damage, destroy infectious microorganisms, initiate an adaptive immune response, and initiate the healing process. This review aimed to comprehensively describe the role of the inflammatory response in innate immunity. Three key plasma protein systems are essential for an effective inflammatory response. These are the complement system, clotting system, and kinin system. Although each system has a unique role in inflammation, they also share many similarities. Each system consists of several proteins in the blood. To prevent activation in unnecessary situations, each protein is normally in an inactive form. Some proteins are enzymes that circulate in an inactive form as proenzymes. Each system contains several proteins that can be activated at the start of inflammation. Cells of the innate and acquired immune systems are recruited and activated by biochemical mediators produced at sites of cell damage. These molecules originate from destroyed or damaged cells, contaminating microbes, activation of plasma protein systems, or secretion by other cells of the innate or acquired immune system. Activation may result in the cell acquiring a function essential for the inflammatory response or inducing the release of additional cellular products that promote inflammation, or both. In conclusion, inflammatory cells and various protein systems (complement, kinin, and clotting), together with the substances they produce, act at the site of tissue injury to limit the extent of damage, kill microorganisms, and remove debris in preparation for healing: tissue regeneration or repair.

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