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Non-dominant handgrip strength is associated with higher cardiorespiratory endurance and elevated NT-proBNP concentrations in ambulatory male adult outpatients with stable HFrEF Triangto, Kevin; Radi, Basuni; Siswanto, Bambang B.; Tambunan, Tresia FU.; Heriansyah, Teuku; Harahap, Alida R.; Kekalih, Aria; Katsukawa, Hajime; Santoso, Anwar
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i3.1278

Abstract

Understanding the significance of handgrip strength is essential for identifying frailty in heart failure patients. The aim of this study was to identify the association between handgrip strength and cardiorespiratory endurance while highlighting the importance of the musculoskeletal system in cardiac rehabilitation for patients with heart failure. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, from April 2022 to April 2023, among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) attributed to cardiomyopathy or coronary artery disease. Patients were classified by a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance into <400 meters (low endurance) or ≥400 meters (high endurance). The short physical performance battery (SPPB), handgrip strength, ultrasonographic forearm muscle thickness, left ventricle ejection fraction, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were measured. Results indicated significant differences in non-dominant handgrip strength, gait speed, and sit-to-stand SPPB scores between patients achieving a 6MWT distance of ≥400 meters and those below this threshold, with values of 31.11±6.88 kg vs 27.66±6.66 kg (p=0.049), 0.52±0.08 m/s vs 0.61±0.13 m/s (p=0.001), and 10.71±2.47 seconds vs 12.85±4.11 seconds (p=0.014), respectively. Stronger non-dominant handgrip strength (>30 kg) was associated with higher endurance (odds ratio (OR): 3.80; 95%CI: 1.35–10.67; p=0.010) and thicker forearm muscles (>1.9 cm) as measured by ultrasonography (AUC: 0.713; 95%CI: 0.585–0.840, p=0.001). In conclusion, a cut-off of ≤30 kg for non-dominant handgrip strength could effectively stratify the male patients into a lower endurance group (6MWT ≤400 meters), which is associated with elevated NT-proBNP levels and reduced forearm muscle thickness.
Protokol Latihan BEST yang Disesuaikan dalam Rehabilitasi Gagal Jantung Triangto, Kevin; Radi, Basuni; Siswanto, Bambang Budi; Tambunan, Tresia Fransiska Ulianna; Heriansyah, Teuku; Harahap, Alida Rosita; Kekalih, Aria; Ambari, Ade Meidian; Dwiputra, Bambang; Desandri, Dwita Rian; Katsukawa, Hajime; Santoso, Anwar
Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia Vol 45 No 3 (2024): July - September, 2024
Publisher : The Indonesian Heart Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30701/ijc.1738

Abstract

Introduction Heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) significantly contributes to global morbidity and mortality, necessitating effective rehabilitation programs. Exercise-based rehabilitation improves functional capacity and quality of life in HFrEF patients, though responses vary. The tailored BEST (Breathing, Endurance, and Strengthening) exercise protocol addresses both cardiac and extracardiac rehabilitation, benefiting all patients regardless of response status. This study evaluated the protocol's effects on HFrEF patients and classified responses based on VO2max changes. Methods In this etiologic study with prospective cohort design, all participants underwent a three-month cardiac rehabilitation program using the BEST Exercise Protocol. Assessments included the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), short physical performance battery (SPPB), handgrip strength, chest expansion, ultrasonographic measurements, and NT-proBNP levels before and after the intervention, with statistical comparisons made within and between groups. Groupings of responder level will be reliant on 6MWT distance achievement at the end of the program, with ≥6% improvement classified as good responders. Results Out of 107 HFrEF patients (median age 55 years, ejection fraction 29.50±7.34%), 63.56% were good responders and 36.44% were poor responders (<6% improvement). Good responders showed significant improvements in most extracardiac parameters, including a 20% increase in 6MWT distance (470.96±69.21 meters post-rehabilitation), chest expansion, handgrip strength, and SPPB scores (p<0.001 for all). Poor responders also improved in chest expansion, sit-to-stand time, and postural balance, with minor 6MWT gains (407.33±72.50 meters). NT-proBNP levels decreased in both groups but were not statistically significant (p=0.288 and 0.368 for good and poor responders, respectively). Conclusion The tailored BEST Exercise Protocol offers substantial cardiac and extracardiac benefits for HFrEF patients by enhancing functional capacity and muscle strength. Both good and poor responders exhibited significant improvements, indicating the protocol's broad applicability. However, the lack of statistically significant NT-proBNP reduction suggests further studies on cardiac biomarkers are needed. The 6MWT provides accessible rehabilitation insights, though more precise evaluations like Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) can offer clearer insights into cardiopulmonary adaptations.
Exploring the Relationship Between Comprehensive Respiratory Assessment and Intra-Extracardiac Biomarkers in Heart Failure Rehabilitation Triangto, Kevin; Radi, Basuni; Siswanto, Bambang B.; Tambunan, Tresia FU.; Heriansyah, Teuku; Harahap, Alida R.; Kekalih, Aria; Katsukawa, Hajime; Santoso, Anwar
Proceedings Book of International Conference and Exhibition on The Indonesian Medical Education Research Institute Vol. 8 No. - (2024): Proceedings Book of International Conference and Exhibition on The Indonesian M
Publisher : Writing Center IMERI FMUI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69951/proceedingsbookoficeonimeri.v8i-.248

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is well-known as a systemic disease that involves cardiac and extracardiac issues, with respiratory function playing on of the key role in rehabilitation prognosis. Biomarkers such as soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), myostatin, miRNA-133, and NT-proBNP indicate disease progression. Notably, sST2, which is also produced by the lungs, predicts heart failure outcomes. This study examines the relationship between comprehensive respiratory assessments (e.g., diaphragmatic ultrasonography, spirometry) and intra-extracardiac biomarkers to improve rehabilitation strategies. Methods: Sixty-nine HFrEF patients underwent respiratory evaluations, including diaphragmatic ultrasonography, spirometry, chest expansion measurements, and a six-minute walking test (6MWT). Biomarkers assessed were sST2, myostatin, miRNA-133, and NT-proBNP. Associations between respiratory parameters and biomarkers were analyzed using t-tests and correlation analyses. Results: The median age was 56 years, and 33 (47.82%) of the subjects had diaphragmatic dysfunction, resulting in poorer 6MWT performance (378.03±58.15 m vs 409.75±63.65 m, p=0.017) and other parameters. Superior chest expansion negatively correlated with sST2 (r=−0.387, p=0.001) and positively with miRNA-133 (r=0.442, p<0.001). Similar results were found for inferior chest expansion. No significant correlations were observed for other biomarkers. Conclusion: This study highlights strong associations between chest expansion and sST2/miRNA-133, suggesting that incorporating respiratory assessments and training into HFrEF rehabilitation could enhance outcomes by addressing cardiorespiratory insufficiencies. Given sST2's predictive value for heart failure prognosis, these findings support a multi-component rehabilitation strategy incorporating respiratory training, such as aerobic and inspiratory muscle exercises, to enhance cardiopulmonary outcomes. This integrated approach offers promise for future HFrEF rehabilitation protocols.