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All Journal Insignia: Journal of International Relations Dauliyah Journal of Islamic and International Affairs JURNAL MUQODDIMAH : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hummaniora
Hikmawan, Emil
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Arts Humanities Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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PERAN WTO DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SENGKETA PRICE RANGE SYSTEM ANTARA PERU DAN GUATEMALA TAHUN 2013 Hikmawan, Emil; Aulia, Jamal
Dauliyah Journal of Islamic and International Affairs Vol 7, No 1 (2022): DAULIYAH JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Publisher : UNIDA Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (26.886 KB) | DOI: 10.21111/dauliyah.v7i1.7543

Abstract

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization that facilitates international cooperation in the field of economy and trade. The position of the WTO as an international regime to date certainly has an important influence in the context of a country's national economic progress. In addition, the World Trade Organization has a function to resolve trade disputes experienced by its member states. One of the disputes faced was Peru's price range system on agricultural products that were considered detrimental to Guatemala in the two countries' free trade agreements. This is evidenced by the violation of Article 4.2 by Peru, namely the determination of additional import costs is not allowed in an agreement and is not an ordinary customs duty. Based on the above issues, the authors try to see how the WTO facilitates the implementation of negotiations between the two sides based on the concept of dispute settlement mechanism. Later in obtaining the data source, the author browses news, international trade documents, WTO norms and official statements relating to the topic of this research online.  The article found that the WTO established a panel as a mediator to resolve the trade dispute and asserted that Peru had violated international trade norms applicable to the WTO and this was a permanent decision to be exercised by Peru.
PERAN WTO DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SENGKETA PRICE RANGE SYSTEM ANTARA PERU DAN GUATEMALA TAHUN 2013 Hikmawan, Emil; Aulia, Jamal Din
Dauliyah: Journal of Islam and International Affairs Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022): Dauliyah: Journal of Islamic and International Affairs
Publisher : UNIDA Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/dauliyah.v7i1.7619

Abstract

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization that facilitates international cooperation in the field of economy and trade. The position of the WTO as an international regime to date certainly has an important influence in the context of a country's national economic progress. In addition, the World Trade Organization has a function to resolve trade disputes experienced by its member states. One of the disputes faced was Peru's price range system on agricultural products that were considered detrimental to Guatemala in the two countries' free trade agreements. This is evidenced by the violation of Article 4.2 by Peru, namely the determination of additional import costs is not allowed in an agreement and is not an ordinary customs duty. Based on the above issues, the authors try to see how the WTO facilitates the implementation of negotiations between the two sides based on the concept of dispute settlement mechanism. Later in obtaining the data source, the author browses news, international trade documents, WTO norms and official statements relating to the topic of this research online.  The article found that the WTO established a panel as a mediator to resolve the trade dispute and asserted that Peru had violated international trade norms applicable to the WTO and this was a permanent decision to be exercised by Peru.
Kebangkitan Tiongkok Dalam Membendung Hegemoni Amerika Serikat: Studi Kasus Sengketa Laut China Selatan Hikmawan, Emil; Muhammad, Fahriza; Sahide, Ahmad
Jurnal Ilmiah Muqoddimah: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hummaniora Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Agustus 2023
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jim.v7i2.2023.549-559

Abstract

Sengketa Laut China Selatan merupakan salah satu konflik yang memperebutkan wilayah perairan di Asia Tenggara. Dalam perkembangannya pihak yang terlibat di dalamnya tidak hanya berasal dari negara anggota Asia Tenggara akan tetapi juga melibatkan Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kontestasi antara Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok dalam sengketa Laut China Selatan. Melalui penelusuran dari berita, dokumen dan pernyataan pejabat yang diperoleh dari media online dan teori realisme dari Hans Morgenthau mengenai pola hubungan antara kekuatan, pengaruh dan kewenangan. Di samping itu, wilayah Laut China Selatan memiliki potensi secara ekonomi dan politik. Maka artikel menemukan bahwa kebangkitan Tiongkok dalam hal ekonomi, politik dan militer sebagai bentuk dalam meningkatkan kekuatan negara. Selain itu, Tiongkok memiliki sikap yang agresif dalam sengketa Laut China Seletan bertujuan untuk menggeser pengaruh Amerika Serikat sebagai negara hegemoni khususnya di kawasan Asia-Pasifik. Hal ini juga dibuktikan dengan adanya mega proyek Belt Road Initiative (BRI) sebagai jalur perdagangan yang menghubungkan Asia, Eropa dan Afrika. Di samping itu, Amerika Serika memandang kebangkitan Tiongkok saat ini menjadi ancaman yaitu meruntuhkan supremasi Amerika Serikat. Sehingga Amerika Serikat harus juga meningkatkan kekuatan militernya dengan alasan kebebasan bernavigasi dan berpartisipasi dalam menjaga keamanan serta perdamaian dunia.
A Political Opportunity Structure Analysis for the Recognition of Palestinian Statehood by European Countries Aswar, Hasbi; Nursita, Rizki Dian; Hikmawan, Emil; Fijria Azzuhro, Zahara Aini
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 13 No 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2026.13.1.19098

Abstract

This study elaborates the impact of the recognition of Palestinian statehood by several European countries for the development of pro-Palestinian movements in the region. This study uses political opportunity structure in social movement studies as the theoretical framework to highlight how formal political support from European states creates a greater space for pro-Palestinian movements to mobilize within Europe. A media-based qualitative method is used to collect the data by tracing news coverage, discourse, and public opinion across major online media platforms in Europe. The study finds that the increased recognition of Palestine among European countries enhances the legitimacy of pro-Palestinian movements and creates opportunities for the changing narratives that are more objective and sympathetic toward the Palestinian issue. This is significant given that dominant narratives in Europe have long favored Israel. Hence, the political recognition of Palestine by European states contributes to the reconfiguration of public discourse while simultaneously strengthening the political position of pro-Palestinian movements within Europe's political and social arenas.
Co-Authors Ahmad Sahide Aulia, Jamal Aulia, Jamal Din Fijria Azzuhro, Zahara Aini Hasbi Aswar Muhammad, Fahriza Rizki Dian Nursita