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Food Safety of Animal Products That Viewed from Disease Aspect ., Supar; Ariyanti, Tati
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Animal diseases are tnajor factors affecting food producing anitnals at husbandry productions. The infectious and or non infectious diseases can influence the food quality of animal products and their safety for human consumption. The food safety of animal products becomes a world trade issue because it affects some aspects of human life quality and health. The food safety of anitnal products is defined at least by physical and health conditions of animal at preharvest period . It can be achieved by good manufacturing practice, beginning at animal production level up to the harvesting period. During this period, the animals must be protected against infection by pathogens of either bacteria, viruses or protozoa. linportant animal diseases which often cause problems during animal husbandry productions are anthrax, salmonellosis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, clostridiosis. colibacillosis, staphylococcosis. Some of the pathogens causing those diseases may also cause food poisoning and foodborne disease. The viral disease infection can affect food-safety at preharvest time but not at postharvest. At prcharvest period in fanns the disease can be controlled by vaccines and selected drug application. To obtain the good quality assurance of food producing animals and the safety for human consumption, the physical and the health conditions of animals can be determined visually. To determine the health status of food producing animals, each animal must be tested for the presence of pathogens and or specific antibody. This needs a veterinary laboratory facility with good equipments, chemical and diagnostic reagents. On the other hand, in order to pursue the good quality assurance of food producing animals up to the harvesting period, the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) and good agricultural practice (GAP) concepts in animal husbandry productions must be followed. Key words: Animal products, preharvest, human consumption, food safety

The Role of Salmonella Enteritidis in Chicken and its Product Ariyanti, Tati; ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Free pathogenic microorganism of food derived from animals is a prerequisite for human consumption . One of the important pathogenic microorganisms originated from animal product of food is Salmonella. Salmonella enteritidis is frequently found in chicken and spreads vertically as well as horizontally products (eggs, meats and meat products) by direct or indirect contact. Salmonella that contaminated animal product of food can cause foodborne disease in human . Foodborne disease associated with Salmonella occurred in some parts of the world including Indonesia . This problem needs attention from the government, producers and consumers. In the animal production especially chicken, it is demanded to provide animal food and their products free from Salmonella . This is an important indicator of safety food condition . Salmonella control programs in the animal production level begin with raising free-Salmonella day old chick with free Salmonella feed, good farm environmental sanitation . Further more, the monitoring program of Salmonella in farm and post harvest process needs to be conducted . Appropriate handlings of animals and their products are important to obtain food of animal products that are healthy and safe for human consumption . Key word: Salmonella enteritidis, contamination, meat, egg

Molecular Characterization of Pasteurella multocida: Its Implication with Epidemiology and The Development of Local Isolate Vaccines ., Supar; Ariyanti, Tati
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Pasteurella multocida strains are the causative agents of pasteurellosis attacking Â wide range domestic and wild animals. The important pasteurellosis in animals in Indonesia are Haemorrhagic septicaemic (HS) or Septicaemia epizootica (SE) in large and small ruminants, fowl cholera in poultry and water powls. HS associated with P. multocida in large ruminants was controlled by killed whole cell vaccines produced by the use of P. multocida Katha strain, whereas fowl cholera was controlled by antimicrobial drugs. At present, there are only a limited molecular biology techniques have been applied to investigate P. multocida isolates from different geographic locations in Indonesia. Genomic DNA of P. multocida from HS cases from various provinces which were treated with restriction endonuclease ApaI and analysed by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoreses (PFGE) demonstrated the presence of high degree distinctive DNA pattern compared to that of the vaccine (Katha) strain from Burma and other reference strains. Similar different patterns were found in genomic DNA of local P. multocida isolates from cholera disease of chicken and ducks. P. multocida isolates from some provinces showed different DNA patterns to each other. These DNA pattern differences were probably associated with the alteration of their pathogenicity, antigenicity and immunogenicity, but it has not been confirmed yet. Vaccines prepared from P. multocida isolate originated from local HS cases and local cholera demonstrated better protection in experimental animals against heterologous and homologous challenges, in terms of higher and consistency antibody responses compared to that of Katha strain or imported P. multocida poultry strains. This supports the potential aspects of molecular characterization of local P. multocida isolates kept at the BCC Unit. These isolates may play an important role in developing local master seeds to produce pasteurellosis local vaccines which would be more promising to be used in Indonesia in the future but further field trials are still needed. Â Key words: Pasteurella multocida, characterization, DNA analysis, vaccines

The Control of Infectious Coryza in Chicken Ariyanti, Tati; ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Infectious coryza or infectious snot is a disease caused by Haemophilus paragallinarum (HPG), that infects upper respiratory tract of either layer or broiler chickens or other poultry raised under small and large farm conditions. Infection on growing chicken caused reduction of weight gain, whereas in adult layer chicken caused decreasing egg productions, and hence significantly caused economic losses in poultry industries. Coryza cases in the farms are difficult to control by antibiotic treatments. Control by vaccination programmes using appropriate vaccines are the only ideal method, but vaccination failure using Â trivalent of classical serovar A, B and C of H. paragallinarum products from USA and European countries still occurred. This might probably due to the presence of new serovar B and C raised in the poultry farms in the fields, of which their antigenicity, immunogenicity and also immunoprotection of classical coryza vaccines are different from the new serovar in the fields. Research on coryza conducted at the Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science during the last 2 decades, resulted in some HPG isolates (belong to the classical serovar A, B or C) and these isolates were kept at the Bbalitvet Culture Collection (BCC) Unit. Studies on local isolate of HPG vaccine productions had been conducted to determine their efficacy in experimental chickens. At the same period, it was reported from Latin America and South Africa countries that new serovars B and new serovar C were found in that regions. These new serovars B and C were identified different to that of the classical serovar B or C antigenicity and immunogenicity which lead to the failure of coryza vaccination with classical serovar A, B and C imported from USA and Europe. These retrospective studies recommend that coryza is an important disease in poultry industries in this country causing a signifinant economic losses which need to be controlled properly. Further research is needed to measure the effectiveness of local isolate vaccines. Surveillance must also be conducted in order to anticipate the emerge of new HPG variant, therefore a new type of vaccine could be developed accordingly using recent local isolate. Â Key words: Haemophilus paragallinarum, coryza, control, vaccine

Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Salmonella enteritidis: Its Implication for Diagnosis and Development of Local Isolate Vaccine for Poultry Ariyanti, Tati; ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 4 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Genus Salmonella consists of more than 2,400 serovars, which can be identified by means of serological method based on the variation of their somatic (O), flagellar (H) and capsular antigens (Vi). Salmonella serovars which are able to cause disease in animal or domestic animal are limited, such as: S. pullorum and S. gallinarum which are well adapted to poultry, cause fowl typhoid,Â S. cholerasuis causes disease inÂ swine.Â S. typhimurium andÂ S. enteritidis can infectÂ all animalsÂ andÂ humans.Â S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis could be isolated from salmonellosis of poultry, meat, milk and eggs. The prevalence of those isolates within the last two decades tends to increase. Pathogenic Salmonella serovars can infect both animals and humans, colonize the intestinal epithelial cells lead to diarrhoea. Salmonella spp. may enter the lower layer of epithelial cells and the lymphoid vascular system. Humoral antibody and cell mediated immunity responses may develop. Extraintestinal shedding or dissemination of Salmonella spp. may occur and multiply, this may cause latent infections and spread to the environment. Serologic diagnosis of infected animals can be done by means of serum or whole blood agglutination tests with whole cell antigen or ELISA with LPS coated tray, might demonstrate cross reactions among serovars within the one group. ELISA antibody by using fimbrial SEF14 antigen demonstrated specific diagnosis of S. enteritidis infection. The use of S. enteritidis inactive vaccines stimulates high humoral antibody response and protection against challenged homologous serovar within one group (D). The secretoryÂ antibodyÂ in mucosal surface of intestine and cell mediated immunity were not stimulated after vaccinationÂ with inactive Salmonella vaccine. InactiveÂ vaccinesÂ (local isolate of S.Â enteritidis) whichÂ wasÂ developed and evaluated on experimental layer chicken produced protection against challenged homologous and may be used to control vertical transmission salmonellosis through eggs and can be used to improveÂ the safety of animal food products for human consumption. Â Key words: Salmonella enteritidis, antigenicity, immunogenicity, diagnosis, vaccines for poultry

Fowl Cholera and Its Control Prospect With Locally isolated Pasteurella multocida Bivalent Vaccines Ariyanti, Tati; ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Pasteurellosis or fowl cholera disease which associated with Pasteurella multocida group A and D infections occurred sporadically in many parts of the world, including in Indonesia. The pathogenic activity of P. multocida in chickens were based on lipopolysacharide (LPS) antigens associated with group A and D capsules, and the resistance factor of complement mediated bacteriolysis in animals. In order to reduce common bacterial infections, antibiotics were routinely used as feed additive or by drinking water, but fowl cholera cases still occur. Fowl cholera control by vaccinations have been used more than a hundred years ago by means of inactive vaccine, but imported inactive vaccine was reported not effective due to lack of cross protection against heterologous serotype. At present, manyÂ local P. multocida isolates from chicken and ducks from manyÂ areas in Indonesia were characterised for their antigenicity, immunogenicity and prepared as monovalent or bivalent vaccine. Only the monovalent vaccine prepared from BCC 2331 or DY2 demonstrated the presence of immunoprotection against homologous and heterologous challenged with live bacteria. The prototype bivalent vaccine consisting of BCC 2331 + DY2 demonstrated high degree of cross protection against challenged individual with or mixed of BCC 2331 + DY2 at average of 60 â 75% and 75 â 100%, respectively. Monovalent and bivalent vaccine prepared from other isolates including imported reference strains of P. multocida demonstrated no protection in experimentally vaccinated ducks and chicken against challenged with live bacteria of neither BCC 2331 nor with DY2. From these retrospective studies, it was concluded that the local isolates P. multocida designated Â as Â BCC Â 2331 Â and Â DY2 Â could Â be Â used Â as candidates Â of Â prototype Â vaccine Â or Â master Â seed Â vaccine Â but their effectiveness still need to be evaluated under field conditions.Â Key words: Pasteurella multocida, Indonesian isolates, inactive vaccines, fowl cholera

Listeria Monocytogenes as Contaminant of Food Derived from Animal (Foodborne Disease) Ariyanti, Tati
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Listeria monocytogenes often contaminates food derived from animal and serves as pathogenic bacteria for animals and human. The outbreaks were related with the consumption of food derived from animals such asÂ meat, milk, egg, seafood and its product that poorly cooked. Human listeriosis could be transmitted by direct contact with infected animal. The disease often is asymtomatic and widely distributes in the world. The mortality rate reaches to 30%. The bacteria is important because of the widespread in the environment, tolerant to acid, hot or salt environments, forms a biofilm layer and produces virulent factor (listeriolisin O/LLO). The bacteria can grow at 4Â°C or in the frozen food. Appropriate handlings of animals and their products are important to prevent from L. monocytogenes contamination. Key words: Foodborne disease, L. monocytogenes, food derived from animal, listeriolisin O

CEMARAN BAKTERI PATOGENIK PADA SUSU SAPI SEGAR DAN RESISTENSINYA TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIKA Kusumaningsih, Anni; Ariyanti, Tati
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Fresh milk is a beverage with high protein contents that can be consumed either directly or as ingredient supplement into safely and healthy food. However, the milk also as a good media for development of pathogenic bacteria that also dangerous for human health. The aim of this research was to determine pathogenic bacteria contamination in fresh milk and its antibiotic resistance profiles to several antibiotics. Fresh milk samples were taken from milk cans belong to the farmers at 34 dairy cows centre in Cibungbulang, Bogor, West Java. The quantitative determination was conducted on 34 milk samples. Several parameters examined were based on the Indonesian Nasional Standard (Standar Nasional Indonesia/SNI) No. 01-3141-1998 for Fresh Dairy Milk and SNI No. 7833-2009, such as total bacteria and coliform. The qualitative examination result for isolation and identification of bacteria were found that the milk samples consisted of 41.18% E. coli, 23.53% Streptococcus Gorup B, 8.82% Staphylococcus aureus, and none for Salmonella. The antibiotic resistence profiles were tested to 5 antibiotics. It showed that Escherichia coli isolates were resitance to penicilline (14.3%), oxytetracycline (21.4%), chloramphenicole (57.1%), and streptomycin (28.6%), whereas those Streptococcus Group B isolates were resistance to penicilline (12.5%), Oxytetracycline (37.5%), chloramphenicole (25.0%), streptomucin (87.5%), and ciprofloxacin (87.5%). Multiresistance of E. coli were found against 2 antibiotics, whereas Streptococcus against 2-3 antibiotics. This research indicated that fresh milk samples taken from farmers at Cibungbungang, Bogor were contaminated with several pathogenic bacteria and mostly highly resistance to 5 antibiotics testing.

Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Salmonella enteritidis: Its Implication for Diagnosis and Development of Local Isolate Vaccine for Poultry Tati Ariyanti; Supar .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 4 (2008): DECEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Genus Salmonella consists of more than 2,400 serovars, which can be identified by means of serological method based on the variation of their somatic (O), flagellar (H) and capsular antigens (Vi). Salmonella serovars which are able to cause disease in animal or domestic animal are limited, such as: S. pullorum and S. gallinarum which are well adapted to poultry, cause fowl typhoid, S. cholerasuis causes disease in swine. S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis can infect all animals and humans. S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis could be isolated from salmonellosis of poultry, meat, milk and eggs. The prevalence of those isolates within the last two decades tends to increase. Pathogenic Salmonella serovars can infect both animals and humans, colonize the intestinal epithelial cells lead to diarrhoea. Salmonella spp. may enter the lower layer of epithelial cells and the lymphoid vascular system. Humoral antibody and cell mediated immunity responses may develop. Extraintestinal shedding or dissemination of Salmonella spp. may occur and multiply, this may cause latent infections and spread to the environment. Serologic diagnosis of infected animals can be done by means of serum or whole blood agglutination tests with whole cell antigen or ELISA with LPS coated tray, might demonstrate cross reactions among serovars within the one group. ELISA antibody by using fimbrial SEF14 antigen demonstrated specific diagnosis of S. enteritidis infection. The use of S. enteritidis inactive vaccines stimulates high humoral antibody response and protection against challenged homologous serovar within one group (D). The secretory antibody in mucosal surface of intestine and cell mediated immunity were not stimulated after vaccination with inactive Salmonella vaccine. Inactive vaccines (local isolate of S. enteritidis) which was developed and evaluated on experimental layer chicken produced protection against challenged homologous and may be used to control vertical transmission salmonellosis through eggs and can be used to improve the safety of animal food products for human consumption. Key words: Salmonella enteritidis, antigenicity, immunogenicity, diagnosis, vaccines for poultry

Fowl Cholera and Its Control Prospect With Locally isolated Pasteurella multocida Bivalent Vaccines Tati Ariyanti; Supar .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 1 (2008): MARCH 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Pasteurellosis or fowl cholera disease which associated with Pasteurella multocida group A and D infections occurred sporadically in many parts of the world, including in Indonesia. The pathogenic activity of P. multocida in chickens were based on lipopolysacharide (LPS) antigens associated with group A and D capsules, and the resistance factor of complement mediated bacteriolysis in animals. In order to reduce common bacterial infections, antibiotics were routinely used as feed additive or by drinking water, but fowl cholera cases still occur. Fowl cholera control by vaccinations have been used more than a hundred years ago by means of inactive vaccine, but imported inactive vaccine was reported not effective due to lack of cross protection against heterologous serotype. At present, many local P. multocida isolates from chicken and ducks from many areas in Indonesia were characterised for their antigenicity, immunogenicity and prepared as monovalent or bivalent vaccine. Only the monovalent vaccine prepared from BCC 2331 or DY2 demonstrated the presence of immunoprotection against homologous and heterologous challenged with live bacteria. The prototype bivalent vaccine consisting of BCC 2331 + DY2 demonstrated high degree of cross protection against challenged individual with or mixed of BCC 2331 + DY2 at average of 60 – 75% and 75 – 100%, respectively. Monovalent and bivalent vaccine prepared from other isolates including imported reference strains of P. multocida demonstrated no protection in experimentally vaccinated ducks and chicken against challenged with live bacteria of neither BCC 2331 nor with DY2. From these retrospective studies, it was concluded that the local isolates P. multocida designated as BCC 2331 and DY2 could be used as candidates of prototype vaccine or master seed vaccine but their effectiveness still need to be evaluated under field conditions. Key words: Pasteurella multocida, Indonesian isolates, inactive vaccines, fowl cholera

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