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Teguh Ariyanto
Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika, No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281
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Journal : Communications in Science and Technology

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Kinetic study of bioactive compound extraction from cacao shell waste by conventional and deep eutectic solvent Irsal, Muh.; Kusumastuti, Yuni; Ariyanto, Teguh; Putri, Nur Rofiqoh Eviana
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.1.2025.1606

Abstract

Cacao shells contain bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. This study investigated the potential of bioactive compound extraction in cacao shells using conventional and green solvents like deep eutectic solvent (DES) (choline chloride: lactic acid). Specifically, it investigated the extraction kinetic models and parameters, which are critical to scale up the extraction process. The extraction of cacao shell was conducted using various conventional solvents (ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, and water) and DES (100 % and 70%) in which the result showed that DES 100% had the highest total phenolic content of 337.92?±?9.55 mg GAE/g dry weight. Meanwhile, pseudo-second order and Peleg’s model provided the best fit for the experimental data with higher R2 values. DES 70% showed a higher total flavonoid content of 76.51?±?1.59 mg RE/g dry weight. FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds in DES-based extracts, which revealed characteristic vibrational bands associated with polyphenolic structures. These include bands corresponding to hydroxyl (–OH), carbonyl (C=O), and aromatic C=C stretching—functional groups commonly found in quercetin and other bioactive compounds.
Co-Authors AA Sudharmawan, AA Agus Prasetya Akmal, Afiffurroyan Aflah Amelia, Shinta Anggun Rahmada Arief Budiarto Budi Satria Panandita Cahyono, Rochim Bakti Chandra Wahyu Purnomo Evila Purwanti Sri Rahayu, Theresia Fahrurrozi, Moh. Fajar Marendra Fera Wahyuningsih Gala, Kyla Amalia Hardhianti, Meiga Putri Wahyu Henra Gurning Hery Widijanto Imam Prasetyo Imam Prasetyo Irsal, Muh. Masruroh, Kuni Mayang Rachma Aninstya Moh. Fahrurrozi Nurbaedah, Nurbaedah Pani Satwikanitya Prasetyo, Imam Putri, Nur Rofiqoh Eviana Satwikanitya, Pani Sri Widiyati Sudarto Sudarto Wahyudi Budi Sediawan Wahyudi Budi Sediawan Yuni Kusumastuti, Yuni Zahrul Mufrodi, Zahrul