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Inoculum Selection and Micro-Aeration for Biogas Production in Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Damayanti, Sri Ismiyati; Astiti, Dian Fitriani; Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu; Sarto, Sarto; Budhijanto, Wiratni
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 1 (2019): June 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i1.16318

Two-stage anaerobic fluidized bed is an innovation in anaerobic digestion technology intended to handle liquid waste with high organic loading and complex substrate. The process is based on separation between acidogenic/acetogenic and methanogenic processes. The first stage is anaerobic process to convert substrate (represented as soluble chemical oxygen demand/sCOD) into volatile fatty acids (VFA). The second stage is methanogenic process to convert VFA into biogas. This study aimed to separate acidogenic/acetogenic and methanogenic processes by means of limited injection of air (micro-aeration) and inoculum selection. Micro-aeration was introduced in acidogenic/acetogenic stage because the relevant microbes were facultative so that the obligate anaerobic methanogens will be suppressed. On the other hand, the methanogenic reactor was kept completely anaerobic to ensure methanogenic dominance over acidogenic/acetogenic ones. Two sources of inoculums were used in this study, i.e. anaerobically digested biodiesel waste and anaerobically digested cow manure. Both inoculums were taken from active biogas reactor treating biodiesel waste and cow manure, respectively. Experiments were run in batch reactors treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) as the substrate for the acidogenic/acetogenic reactor. After the reaction in the first stage reached the minimum substrate concentration, the content of the reactor was used as the substrate for the methanogenic reactor as the second stage. Routine measurements were taken for sCOD and VFA concentrations, biogas production, and methane concentration in the biogas. Results confirmed that micro-aeration maintained good performance of acidogenic/acetogenic process, which was indicated by peaks in VFA accumulation, while suppressing methanogenic activities as no methane produced in this stage. Digested biodiesel waste was superior inoculum to be compared to digested cow manure with respect to sCOD removal. In the methanogenic stage, digested biodiesel waste also performed better as inoculum as it led to higher VFA conversion, higher biogas production rate, and higher methane content in the biogas.Ã‚Â

Sorption and Ion Exchange Behaviour of Natural Zeolite Packing Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu; Lenora, Bernice; Budhijanto, Wiratni; Hinode, Hirofumi
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 21, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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It is well known that zeolite is an efficient metal ions adsorbent. The excess charge of the zeolite building blocks i.e. (AlO4)-5 and (SiO4)-4 creating a negative surface charge that attract metal cations. Beside the surface charge, zeolite also has three dimensional pore structure and reasonably large surface area which also can be used as adsorption sites. Ease of cation uptake make it suitable for many process with adsorption and desorption application. This study was conducted to observe the sorption and ion exchange behaviour of zeolite-betonite rings toward iron and cobalt cations. The results shows that the adsorption patterns follow Langmuir isotherm with the highest uptake capacity is 59,9 mg/g for Fe(II) and 57. 8 mg/g for Co(II).

Ethanol Purification Using Activated Natural Zeolite Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu; Putri, Nelliza; Perdana, Indra; Hinode, Hirofumi
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 21, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Bio ethanol is one of the potential fuels in the future. However, ethanol in water mixture has an azeotropic concentration of 95.6 wt. %, which makes it difficult to purify further. The common method of purification is by using an azeotropic distillation column, which requires an intensive energy and an addition of specific solvent. In this study, ethanol purification is done using an adsorption column packed with zeolite Raschig rings. The natural zeolite ring was modified beforehand using the NaOH solution to enhance the material’s water adsorption performance. The ethanol purity can reach more than 99% with the modified zeolite packing. The modification also increases the saturation time of the packed bed column, thus making it more efficient.

Economic Empowerment through the Production of Fish Pellet, Organic Fertilizers from Maggots, and Catfish Nuggets from Budikdamber in Kronggahan Hamlet, Gamping, Sleman Sarastuti, Dewi; Suwito, Darwito; Budiyanto, Arief; Puspitasari, Ika; Alchusnah, Retno Hayati; Yusmiyati, Yusmiyati; Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu
Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) Vol 9, No 4 (2023): Desember
Publisher : Direktorat Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpkm.82971

Sleman Regency produces the biggest waste pile, approximately 701.95 tons/day, higher than the other districts in Yogyakarta Province (The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, 2020). National data show that unmanaged waste is 12.4% per year. This unmanaged waste has the potential to cause significant environmental and health problems. Efforts to minimize organic waste have been carried out by Kronggahan residents by utilizing waste bioconversion technology with black soldier fly (BSF) technology to produce maggot and kasgot. Maggot could be used for feeding fish and kasgot could be used for plant fertilizers. Kronggahan Hamlet has also developed several activities such as the, the development of aquaponics and budikdamber (budidaya ikan dalam ember-farming fish in buckets) where the feeding of catfish use maggot’s product. Harvested catfish and spinach from aquaponics and budikdamber can be processed into nuggets and could be added value for food security in Kronggahan Hamlet. This technology reduce organic waste by ± 70% by converted it into alternative fish feed that has economic value and high nutritional content. The purpose of this community empowerment activity was to increase community knowledge about maggot and maggot product proccessing from organic waste, foster knowledge in maintaining and improving health to prevent non communicable diseases. Hopefully, stakeholder can adopt policies in processing organic waste into maggot, the public can apply organic waste treatment and play a role in reducing the organic waste produced. The methods of implementing this program encompassed knowledge sharing, coordination and consolidation, preparation of educational media, and training packages that were integrated with other productive economic activities facilitated by Academic Hospital UGM’s community empowerment team in collaboration with Kronggahan Hamlet residents. Hopefully this program will be able to be publicized more broadly and can be duplicated in other regions.

Karakteristik Morfologi dari Formulasi Pupuk NPK Coated dengan Enkapsulasi Starch-PVA-Glycerol Habibi, Wildan; Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu; Perdana, Indra
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2023: PROSIDING SNTKK 2023
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

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In modern agriculture, the application of NPK fertilizer plays an important role in food security. However, most commercial uncoated fertilizers have low nutrient absorption efficiency with 30-70% nutrient loss, advances to financial losses for farmers and causing environmental issues. Slow-release fertilizer (SRF) is the best solution to decrease loss rate, supplying nutrients sustainably, and reduces potential negative environmental effects. These fertilizers are made by physically encapsulating NPK fertilizer with organic hydrophobic materials (starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-glycerol). Double layered encapsulation is formulated by in-situ copolymerization of starch with vinyl acetate monomer from PVA in different ratios. Glycerol is added to increase the film compatibility. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) followed by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis reveals the morphological characteristic of uncoated and coated NPK samples. The surface micrograph of uncoated NPK exhibits fine spire crystals that are intensely cemented on to the surface with some bigger crystals of potassium chloride. The gaps and pores are also visible. The SEM micrographs of coated NPK depict layering and agglomeration that is a clear indication of the coating. A higher ratio of PVA increases agglomeration on the surface of coated NPK, representing dense and complete coverage with less pores and cavities occurs

Penjerapan Natrium pada Hasil Ekstraksi Silika dari Lumpur Panas Bumi Akmal, Afiffurroyan Aflah; Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu; Ariyanto, Teguh
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2023: PROSIDING SNTKK 2023
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

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Geothermal sludge contains silica which can be used as plant fertilizer. Extraction of silica from geothermal sludge can be carried out by the extraction method using sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium silicate. This extraction was conducted by varying the extraction time of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 minutes; NaOH concentration of 1,5N; and extraction temperature of 80oC. Extracted silica concentration was analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The best extracted silica content was 158673 ppm under 60 minutes of extraction time, 80oC of extraction temperature, and 1.5N of NaOH concentration. The results of this extraction still contain sodium at a concentration and need to be reduced so that it can be used as fertilizer. The process of reducing sodium concentration using the ion exchange method in a batch system. This process uses variations of initial sodium concentration with a resin mass of 20 grams and temperature of 45oC. From the Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS) analysis, the adsorption capacity (qe) increases with increasing the initial sodium concentration. Langmuir's equilibrium provide a match to the adsorption equilibrium experimental data.

Physical Separation Bahan Aktif Katoda dari Campuran Hasil CrushingBaterai Lithium-Ion Bekas Fadillah, Farika Asna; Perdana, Indra; Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2023: PROSIDING SNTKK 2023
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

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The increasing use of electric vehicles in the coming decades makes the recycling of spent li-ion batteries an important topic to develop. Recycling spent li-ion batteries is necessary to extract valuable materials from the battery cathode. Elutriation is one of the separation method to separate the cathode and anode from the blackmass resulting from crushing by utilizing differences in density and terminal velocity. The Elutriation method is attractive to develop because the separation is done by adjusting the fluid velocity and does not use chemicals. In this study, 4 variations of fluid load will be used, namely 24, 27, 30, and 34 mL/min. The blackmass to be elutriated has a size variation between -38 to +53 micrometers. From the results under the elutriator, the cathode mass obtained for fluid load variations of 24, 27, 30, and 34 mL/min are 0.8366, 0.4333, 0.3907, and 0.1349 grams. The highest cathode recovery at a load of 24 mL/min is 97.21% and the cathode fraction is 0.4091. Furthermore, it can increase the cathode composition in the mixture by 48.98% and reduce the anode composition by 18.54%.

PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DESA DIENG KULON MELALUI PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH Hermanto, Heri; Sunaryo, Sunaryo; Faqih, Nasyiin; Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu; Khasani, Khasani; Wahyu, Joko Nugroho; Ariawan, Ilham; Saputra, Juli
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat UNSIQ Vol 11 No 01 (2024): Januari
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Penerbitan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP3M) UNSIQ

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32699/ppkm.v11i01.6036

Desa Dieng Kulon merupakan kawasan wisata dan kawasan pertanian. Akibat aktivitas masyarakat dan pengunjung pariwisata menyebabkan banyak timbunan sampah baik organik maupun anorganik. Permasalahan umum yang terjadi bahwa kegiatan pengelolaan sampah hanya terjadi di TPS3R. Masyarakat belum melakukan kegiatan pemilahan sampah mulai dari rumah tangga dan kegiatan bank sampah berlangsung tidak optimal. Pendekatan kegiatan kosabangsa ini dilakukan dengan penerapan teknologi dan pelatihan penanganan sampah. Hasil kegiatan yang telah dilakukan berupa penyuluhan dan pelatihan pemilahan sampah rumah tangga, pembuatan aplikasi online dan pelatihan manajemen bank sampah, pembuatan ember tumpuk pemroduksi pupuk cair dan pembuatan mesin hot-mixer pasir dan residu sampah plastik untuk pembuatan paving blok. Kegiatan ini dapat berlangsung dengan baik dengan partisipasi dari mitra BUMDes dan Kelompok PKK dalam kegiatan program kosabangsa

Review on Melanin Application as an Antibacterial and Antioxidant Agent in Food Packaging Mustakim, Zainal; Prasetya, Agus; Wintoko, Joko; Kayati, Fitri Nur; Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.95550

One of the solutions to reduce food waste is creating innovative food packaging to lengthen its shelf life. This type of packaging can be produced by incorporating natural antimicrobials and antioxidation agents such as melanin. Various biologically active and multifunctional properties are associated with this biomacromolecule, i.e., antioxidants, antibacterial properties, and free radical scavengers. Thus, melanin is an indispensable component. It is expected that food packaging manufactured from natural materials containing melanin will have several advantages, including biodegradability, antioxidant ability, and antibacterial activity. A review of melanin as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent from many different sources that is utilized as an additive in food packaging is presented.

PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DESA DIENG KULON MELALUI PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH Hermanto, Heri; Sunaryo, Sunaryo; Faqih, Nasyiin; Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu; Khasani, Khasani; Wahyu, Joko Nugroho; Ariawan, Ilham; Saputra, Juli
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat UNSIQ Vol 11 No 01 (2024): Januari
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Penerbitan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP3M) UNSIQ

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32699/ppkm.v11i01.6036

Desa Dieng Kulon merupakan kawasan wisata dan kawasan pertanian. Akibat aktivitas masyarakat dan pengunjung pariwisata menyebabkan banyak timbunan sampah baik organik maupun anorganik. Permasalahan umum yang terjadi bahwa kegiatan pengelolaan sampah hanya terjadi di TPS3R. Masyarakat belum melakukan kegiatan pemilahan sampah mulai dari rumah tangga dan kegiatan bank sampah berlangsung tidak optimal. Pendekatan kegiatan kosabangsa ini dilakukan dengan penerapan teknologi dan pelatihan penanganan sampah. Hasil kegiatan yang telah dilakukan berupa penyuluhan dan pelatihan pemilahan sampah rumah tangga, pembuatan aplikasi online dan pelatihan manajemen bank sampah, pembuatan ember tumpuk pemroduksi pupuk cair dan pembuatan mesin hot-mixer pasir dan residu sampah plastik untuk pembuatan paving blok. Kegiatan ini dapat berlangsung dengan baik dengan partisipasi dari mitra BUMDes dan Kelompok PKK dalam kegiatan program kosabangsa

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