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Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Tanaman untuk Atraktan Predator dan Parasitoid Wereng Kapas Asbani, Nur; Amir, A.M.; Nurindah, .; Sunarto, Dwi Adi; Sujak, .
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 4, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas)

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Abstract

Salah satu kendala dalam peningkatan produksi kapas dalam negeri adalah serangan serangga hama. Hama utama tanaman kapas adalah wereng kapas, Amrasca biguttulla. Pengendalian wereng kapas dengan pe-nyemprotan insektisida berakibat pada meningkatnya populasi penggerek buah. Pemanfaatan predator dan parasitoid wereng kapas merupakan solusi pengendalian yang tepat. Penggunaan atraktan untuk mening-katkan populasi predator dan parasitoid pada pertanaman kapas akan meningkatkan peran musuh alami sebagai faktor mortalitas biotik yang efektif. Ekstrak tanaman, terutama yang berupa minyak atsiri, telah banyak digunakan sebagai atraktan musuh alami, tetapi belum banyak yang menggunakannya sebagai atrak-tan musuh alami wereng kapas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ekstrak beberapa tanaman yang diduga dapat berfungsi sebagai atraktan bagi parasitoid telur dan predator wereng kapas di laboratorium dengan pengujian secara olfaktometri dan mengujinya di lapangan dengan menggunakan metode perangkap yang dilengkapi dispenser untuk atraktan. Pengujian di lapangan dilakukan pada pertanaman kapas. Ekstrak tanaman yang diuji adalah daun kapas yang telah terinfestasi oleh A. biguttulla, batang dan daun jagung, dan daun teh hitam (Melalaeuca brachteata) dengan menggunakan pelarut organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri dari ekstrak daun kapas yang terserang A. biguttulla dan daun teh hitam dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai atraktan parasitoid telur wereng kapas. Parasitoid telur menunjukkan respon positif terhadap minyak atsiri dari ekstrak daun kapas yang terserang A. biguttulla dan daun teh hitam dalam uji olfaktometri di laboratorium. Pada uji lapangan, peningkatan populasi parasitoid dengan penam-bahan kedua atraktan tersebut dapat mencapai 176% dibandingkan kontrol. Minyak atsiri dari ekstrak tanaman yang diuji tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap predator jenis kumbang kubah, kumbang kembara, kepik mirid, dan sayap jala. ABSTRACTThe Use of Plant Extract for Attractant of Predators and Parasitoids of Cotton LeafhopperCotton production is restricted by pest attack. The key pest of cotton is cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula. Aerial spray to control of this pest caused the increase of bollworm population. Therefore, the use of parasitoids and predators could be a proper method to control the leafhoppers. The use of attractant to in-crease predator and parasitoid population on cotton field would also increase the role of those natural enemies as an effective biotic mortality factor. Plant extracts, especially in the form of essential oils, have been used as attractants for the natural enemies; however attractant for natural enemies of cotton leafhopper has not been intensively developed. Therefore, this research aims were to evaluate some plant extracts that may function as an attractant for egg parasitoid and predators of cotton leafhopper in laboratory tests using olfactometry method, and also to test the effectiveness of the attractant in increasing population of parasi-toids and predators in cotton fields. The plant extracts were of leafhopper-infested-cotton leaves, maize stalks and leaves, and Melalaeuca brachteata leaves, using organic solvents. Results showed that the essential oils of leafhopper-infested-cotton leaves and black-tea tree leaves could be used as an attractant for the hopper egg parasitoids. The parasitoids showed positive response to the essential oils of leafhopper-infested-cotton leaves and black-tea tree leaves in olfactometry tests. The use of those attractants in cotton fields increased parasitoid population by 179% compared to the control. Essential oils of the tested pants did not have any effect on predators, such as ladybird beetles, staphylinid beetles, mirid bugs, as well as lacewings.Keywords: Essential oils, attractant, parasitoid, predator, cotton leafhopper.
Keefektifan Kalsium Polisulfida terhadap Rhizoctonia solani dan Rhizoctonia bataticola secara In Vitro Hidayah, Nurul; Wijayanti, Kristiana Sri; Asbani, Nur
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 4, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas)

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Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani dan R. bataticola merupakan jamur patogen pada tanaman kapas yang sulit dikendalikan, karena dapat menghasilkan sklerosia sebagai struktur istirahatnya di dalam tanah meskipun tidak ada inang. Perlindungan tanaman sejak awal perlu dilakukan untuk melindungi dari serangan patogen tersebut. Pengguna-an kalsium polisulfida yang merupakan pestisida ramah lingkungan dapat menjadi alternatif untuk mengenda-likan penyakit yang diakibatkan kedua jamur tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan kalsium polisulfida dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur R. solani dan R. bataticola secara in vitro. Tu-juh level konsentrasi kalsium polisulfida yakni 0% (kontrol); 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%; 2%; 2,5%; dan 3% masing-masing dituang ke dalam cawan petri kemudian ditambahkan dengan 10 ml media PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). Inokulum R. solani dan R. bataticola masing-masing secara terpisah diinokulasikan setelah media pa-dat dan diinkubasi pada suhu kamar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara in vitro, kalsium polisulfida hanya mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselia jamur R. solani dan R. bataticola sampai dengan hari kedua setelah perlakuan. Setelah itu persentase penghambatannya berangsur-angsur menurun. Both of Rhizoctonia solani and R. bataticola are the difficult fungal pathogens to control since they can pro-duce sclerotia as the resting spore in the soil even though there is no host. An early plant protection is im-portant to defend from the pathogen infection. The use of calcium polysulfide, an environmentally friendly pesticide, could be an alternative method to control diseases caused by both of them. The objective of this research was to identify the potency of calcium polysulfide in inhibiting of R. solani and R. bataticola growth in vitro. There were seven level of concentration of calcium polysulphide, ie. 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%, were poured onto petridish and added by PDA medium. R. solani and R. bataticola inocula were inoculated onto agar plate separately and incubated in room temperature. The result indicated that calcium polysulfide could inhibit the growth of R. solani and R. bataticola in vitro until two days after inoculation (dai), after that its capability was decreased slowly.
Uji pupuk silika terhadap intensitas serangan hama penggerek batang (Chilo influscatellus) dan pucuk (Scirpophaga excerptalis) pada tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) varietas Bululawang : Silica fertilizer test to the intensity of stem border (Chilo influscatellus) attacks and shoots (Scirpophaga excerptalis) on Bululawang variety-sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Istiqomah; Asbani, Nur; Zayadi, Hasan; Tito, Sama Iradat
Jurnal SAINS ALAMI (Known Nature) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : FMIPA UNISMA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33474/j.sa.v7i1.13070

Abstract

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the main ingredient in the manufacture of sugar where sugar is a primary need for the community. At this time sugarcane plants declined due to the attack of stem borer (Chilo influscatellus) and shoots (Scirpophaga excerptalis), resulting in production losses. Silica plays an important role in helping to reduce pest attacks, thereby accelerating the growth of sugarcane plants. This study aimed to determine the effect of silica on the intensity of attack by stem borer  and shoots. This research was conducted in the BALITAS experimental garden using RAK treatment which in this study used Silica Simax, Forsil, Bality and Control. Where after the data results were obtained, they were analyzed using the Two-way ANOVA test using SPSS. The results obtained on stem borer and shoots before silica treatment increased the attack of the borer and after treatment with silica the borer was reduced so that silica was effective in treating stem borer (Chilo influscatellus) and shoots. (Scirpophaga excerptalis) sugarcane. Silica is also able to accelerate the growth of sugarcane plants, photosynthesis and resistance to external attacks. Keywords: Borer, Silica (Si), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L), Buluawang variety. ABSTRAK Tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) merupakan bahan utama dalam pembuatan gula yang mana gula merupakan kebutuhan primer bagi masyarakat. Pada saat ini tanaman tebu menurun karena adanya serangan hama penggerek batang (Chilo influscatellus) dan pucuk (Scirpophaga excerptalis), berdampak pada kerugian produksinya. Silika berperan penting untuk membantu mengurangi serangan hama, sehingga mempercepat pertumbuhan tanaman tebu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh silika terhadap intensitas serangan hama penggerek batang (Chilo influscatellus) dan pucuk (Scirpophaga excerptalis). Penelitian ini dilakukan dikebun percobaan BALITAS  dengan menggunakan perlakukan RAK yang mana pada penelitian ini menggunakan Silika Simax, Forsil, Balitas dan Kontrol. Dimana setelah didapatkan hasil data lalu di analisis dengan menggunakan uji Two-way ANOVA menggunkaan SPSS. Hasil yang didapatkan pada hama penggerek batang (Chilo influscatellus) dan pucuk (Scirpophaga excerptalis) sebelum dilakukan perlakuan silika serangan hama penggerek tersebut meningkat dan setelah dilakukan perlakuan silika hama penggerek berkurang sehingga silika efektif untuk melakukan perlakuan terhadap hama penggerek batang (Chilo influscatellus) dan pucuk (Scirpophaga excerptalis) tebu. Silika juga mampu mempercepat pertumbuhan tanaman tebu, fotosintesis dan ketahanan serangan dari luar.  Kata kunci: hama penggerek, Silikas (Si), Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L), varietas Buluawang.
Pengaruh Aplikasi Silika pada Pertumbuhan Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) terhadap Resistensi Hama Penggerek Batang (Chilo infuscatellus) dan Pucuk (Scirpophaga excerptalis) di Balittas Karangploso Malang: Effect of Silica Application on the Growth of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) against Resistance of Stem Borer (Chilo infuscatellus) and Shoots (Scirpophaga excerptalis) in Balittas Karangploso, Malang Annisa, Silvia; Asbani, Nur; Zayadi, Hasan; Tito, Sama' Iradat
Jurnal SAINS ALAMI (Known Nature) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : FMIPA UNISMA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33474/j.sa.v5i2.13135

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of silica application on the growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Malang 52 varieties and the resistance of stem borer (Chilo infuscatellus) and shoots (Scirpophaga excerptalis). This research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of Balittas Karangploso, Malang, East Java. Pest identification activities were carried out at the Entomology Research Group Laboratory. The study was conducted from October 2020 to February 2021. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with five treatments and three replications. The research parameters included plant height, stem hardness, leaf hardness, leaf chlorophyll content, percentage of stem borer and shoot borer attack intensity. The results showed that the growth of sugarcane varieties Malang 52 significantly affected plant height, stem hardness, leaf hardness, and leaf chlorophyll content and the percentage intensity of stem borer (Chilo infuscatellus) and shoot borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis) attacks.  Keywords : Stem borer (Chilo infuscatellus), Shoot borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis), Silica, Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Malang 52   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi silika terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) varietas Malang 52 dan dan resistensi hama penggerek batang (Chilo infuscatellus) dan pucuk (Scirpophaga excerptalis). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balittas Karangploso, Malang, Jawa Timur. Kegiatan identifikasi hama dilakukan di Laboratorium Kelompok Peneliti Entomologi. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Oktober 2020 sampai Februari 2021. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Parameter penelitian meliputi  tinggi tanaman, kekerasan batang, kekerasan daun, kadar klorofil daun, presentase intensitas serangan hama penggerek batang dan penggerek pucuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertumbuhan tanaman tebu varietas Malang 52 secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, kekerasan batang, kekerasan daun, kadar klorofil daun serta berpengaruh terhadap persentase intensitas serangan hama penggerek batang (Chilo infuscatellus) dan penggerek pucuk (Scirpophaga excerptalis). Kata kunci : Penggerek batang (Chilo infuscatellus), Penggerek pucuk (Scirpophaga excerptalis), Silika, Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Malang 52
Physic Nut Thrips Diversity Asbani, Nur; Sartiami, Dewi
AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 33, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v33i3.81

Abstract

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a relatively new agricultural crop commodity in Indonesia. Hence, the thrips associated with this plant are not well recognized. The research objective was to provide information and tool for identification of thrips associated with physic nut. Survey method was conducted in some areas of Java, Madura, and Lombok island. The results showed that 10 species of thrips were found associated with physic nut. They belonged to nine genera and three family i.e. Thripidae, Aeolothripidae and Phlaeothripidae and one unidentified species. The Thripidae species were Selenothrips rubrocintus, Rhipiphorothrips pulchellus, Thrips hawaiiensis, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, Zaniothrips ricini and Scolothrips sexmaculatus. The family Aeolothripidae were Franklinothrips vespiformis, F. variegatus and Mymarothrips bicolor; the only one of Phlaeothripidae was Ecacanthothripstibialis. The identification key had been built for all species mentioned above. These thrips can be grouped into herbivore, carnivore, and fungivore.Keywords: Jatropha curcas, thrips, diversity