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All Journal Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Al-MARSHAD: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum
Susiknan Azhari
UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Religion Humanities Astronomy Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Karakteristik Hubungan Muhammadiyah dan NU dalam Menggunakan Hisab dan Rukyat Azhari, Susiknan
Al-Jamiah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 44, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Al-Jamiah Research Centre, Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2006.442.453-485

Abstract

This article studies the matter of ḥisāb and ru’ya, particularly conducted by the following two extremely well-known socio-religious organizations, NU and Muhammadiyah. The reason for this choice is that the two for most of Indonesian people is the symbol of difference, even, of dissension among its Muslims referring to the thought of lunar calendar in Indonesia. The choice and the usage of the two matters frequently take place to determine the beginning of Ramaḍān, Shawwāl, and Dhū’l-Ḥijja in spite of the others. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with how the relation between NU and Muhammadiyah is due to the matters. To find out the answer for the inquiry theoretical framework developed by Ian G. Barbour i.e.: Conflict, Independent, Dialogue and Integration will be exercised.
Hisab Hakiki Model Muhammad Wardan: Sebuah Penelusuran Awal Azhari, Susiknan
Al-Jamiah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 42, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Al-Jamiah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2004.421.153-176

Abstract

This article tries to study about calculation (ḥisāb) model developed by Muhammad Wardan to formulate a National Hijriyah Calendar. Muhammad Wardan is one of the designer of the concept of wujūdul hilāl. This concept was built by combining normative and empirical level (middle way) between the system of hisab ijtima qabla al-ghurūb and imkān al-ruyah. This combination was also named as middle way between pure hisab and pure rukyat. Due to this type of concept, be renewal thought of Mubammad Wardan to decide the beginning of Qamariyah month was quite original at that time. Therefore, Wardans theory of wujudūl hilāl is still used until nowadays especially by Muhammadiyah people. However, it is significant to note that the thought of Wardan does not perfectly answer  the problem of National Hijriyah Calendar, I.e., to decide the Westest and Eastest  points of a region or country to start or end the month of Ramadlan.
AWAL WAKTU SHALAT SUBUH DI DUNIA ISLAM Azhari, Susiknan
Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): Al-Mazaahib
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/al-mazaahib.v3i2.2837

Abstract

Hingga saat ini, persoalan awal waktu salat merupakan kajian yang masih terlantar. Hasil penelitian penulis menunjukkan bahwa objek kajian astronomi Islam yang paling diminati adalah persoalan awal bulan kamariah, sedangkan awal waktu salat kurang diminati. Kondisi ini dapat dimaklumi karena yang sering muncul permasalahan adalah penentuan awal bulan kamariah, khususnya penentuan awal Ramadan, Syawal, dan Zulhijah. Sementara itu awal waktu salat dianggap tidak ada masalah dan “final”. Apalagi di tengah-tengah masyarakat beredar jadwal waktu salat abadi. Akan tetapi, sejak adanya tulisan Mamduh Farhan al-Buhairi yang berjudul “Salah Kaprah Waktu Subuh” dimuat majalah Qiblati secara bersambung, keraguan umat Islam tentang awal waktu salat Subuh mulai nampak di permukaan. Berbagai kegiatan dan diskusi diadakan untuk mengkaji ulang anggitan fajar yang selama ini sudah menyatu dalam keyakinan umat Islam. Artikel ini hendak mendiskusikan dan sekaligus mendialogkan pandangan para ulama dan kalangan ilmuan (para ahli astronomi) Islam tentang awal waktu Shalat Subuh yang berkembang di dunia Islam.
AWAL WAKTU SHALAT SUBUH DI DUNIA ISLAM Azhari, Susiknan
Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum Vol. 5 No. 2 (2017): Al-Mazaahib
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/al-mazaahib.v5i2.2858

Abstract

Hingga saat ini, persoalan awal waktu salat merupakan kajian yang masih terlantar. Hasil penelitian penulis menunjukkan bahwa objek kajian astronomi Islam yang paling diminati adalah persoalan awal bulan kamariah, sedangkan awal waktu salat kurang diminati. Kondisi ini dapat dimaklumi karena yang sering muncul permasalahan adalah penentuan awal bulan kamariah, khususnya penentuan awal Ramadan, Syawal, dan Zulhijah. Sementara itu awal waktu salat dianggap tidak ada masalah dan “final”. Apalagi di tengah-tengah masyarakat beredar jadwal waktu salat abadi. Akan tetapi, sejak adanya tulisan Mamduh Farhan al-Buhairi yang berjudul “Salah Kaprah Waktu Subuh” dimuat majalah Qiblati secara bersambung, keraguan umat Islam tentang awal waktu salat Subuh mulai nampak di permukaan. Berbagai kegiatan dan diskusi diadakan untuk mengkaji ulang anggitan fajar yang selama ini sudah menyatu dalam keyakinan umat Islam. Artikel ini hendak mendiskusikan dan sekaligus mendialogkan pandangan para ulama dan kalangan ilmuan (para ahli astronomi) Islam tentang awal waktu Shalat Subuh yang berkembang di dunia Islam.
X-Blind Qibla Accuracy Test with Google Earth Standard Zahara, Ayu Putri; Azhari, Susiknan
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Vol 10, No 2 (2024): Al-Marshad
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jam.v10i2.22329

Abstract

The problem related to the direction of the qibla is becoming more and more inclusive in the current era, considering that the suitability of the direction of the qibla is one of the prerequisites that must be met so that prayer can be considered valid according to sharia. In this Modern Era, there are Qibla directional instruments, both manual and digital-based such as Google Earth and Qibla compasses. In addition, there is also another innovation tool, namely X-Blind Qibla based on a modified compass with the addition of a buzzer. The author tries to examine the accuracy of the X-Blind Qibla with the standardization used, namely the Google Earth calibrator, based on a sample of mosques that have two typologies, namely the mosque that is right to the Qibla and the mosque that leads to the West. The research methodology stated in studying this problem is a qualitative method or field research. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the X-Blind Qibla deviated with an average value in the range of 1° 16' from the measurement results through Google Earth. The factors that affect the deviation are due to the effect of a large magnetic field, so that it has an impact on the movement of the compass magnetic needle. The value of the deviation is still understandable, if the reference in facing the qibla is the state of Saudi Arabia. This means that this tool can be applied in the practice of worship individually, even though it has not yet reached a high level of accuracy.
Kalender Jawa Islam: Memadukan Tradisi dan Tuntutan Syar'i Azhari, Susiknan; Ibrahim, Ibnor Azli
Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Vol 42 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : UINSunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajish.v42i1.254

Abstract

Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang Kalender Jawa Islamyang merupakan hasil ijtihad Sultan Agung yang luar biasa dizamannya. Namun demikian sebagai produk ijtihad KalenderIslam Jawa perlu dikaji dan ditindaklanjuti agar kalendertersebut sesuai dengan semangat awal yang diinginkan SultanAgung dan sesuai pula dengan tuntutan zaman. Artinya, jikahendak menyikapi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan barusecara dinamis, maka penghargaan terhadap Kalender JawaIslam seyogyanya bukan dalam bentuk pelestarian teori itu apaadanya, tetapi mengembangkannya secara dinamis dan kreatif.
Evaluating AI-Generated Fatwas: A Quality Assessment of ChatGPT and Google Bard Against Authoritative Islamic Rulings Billah, Mu'tashim; Azhari, Susiknan; Baroroh, Nurdhin; Rahma, Vivi
Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Vol 57 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : UINSunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajish.v57i1.1032

Abstract

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic law has become a global phenomenon, including in Muslim countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Egypt. AI technology began to go viral when ChatGPT and Google Bard were released, claiming to be able to reason like humans. The development of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies like ChatGPT and Google Bard has raised a new question: Can AI replace the role of muftis in issuing fatwas? This qualitative study analyzes the capacity of AI as a fatwa issuer by testing ChatGPT and Google Bard with specific prompts related to Islamic law. The results are compared with official fatwas from Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah, which serve as authoritative fatwa standards in Indonesia. Based on the discussion, this article finds that to date, AI NLP technology is unable to reason Islamic law as a mufti would. Therefore, AI technology cannot yet replace the role of a mufti in issuing fatwas. The main reason is that the credibility and authority of fatwas generated by AI technology cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the use of AI technology as a fatwa issuer is not recommended. Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam bidang hukum Islam telah menjadi fenomena global, termasuk di negara-negara Muslim seperti Uni Emirat Arab dan Mesir. Teknologi AI mulai sangat viral ketika Chat GPT hingga Google Bard dirilis yang diklaim mampu berpikir layaknya bahasa manusia. Fenomena perkembangan Natural Language Processing (NLP) seperti ChatGPT dan Google Bard memicu pertanyaan baru: Dapatkah AI menggantikan peran mufti dalam berfatwa? Penelitian kualitatif ini menganalisis kapasitas AI sebagai pemberi fatwa melalui uji coba terhadap ChatGPT dan Google Bard dengan prompt spesifik terkait hukum Islam. Hasilnya dibandingkan dengan fatwa resmi Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan Muhammadiyah sebagai standar fatwa yang otoritatif di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan, artikel ini menemukan bahwa hingga saat ini, teknologi AI NLP tidak mampu melakukan nalar hukum Islam sebagaimana seorang nalar seorang mufti. Dengan begitu, teknologi AI belum mampu menggantikan peran seorang mufti untuk berfatwa. Alasan utamanya adalah bahwa hasil fatwa yang digenerate oleh teknologi AI tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kredibilitas dan otoritasnya. Sehingga penggunaan teknologi AI sebagai pemberi fatwa tidak direkomendasikan.
Co-Authors Baroroh, Nurdhin Billah, Mutasim Ibnor Azli Ibrahim Rahma, Vivi Zahara, Ayu Putri